Scharkapelle
The Scharkapelle was a chapel in Hamburg near the Schaartor (Schartor) at the harbor. It was built in 1375, after the Reformation in 1529, it was demolished and later demolished.
designation
According to the legend, the chapel was named after St. Ancharius (or Ansgar ), the first archbishop in Hamburg, who exhibited a picture of the Virgin Mary “ on the bank where he first entered the country ”. This is said to have been placed in a niche in the Schartor later. From Anscharius the name would then flock become.
Presumably the name derives from the field name Schar or Schaar, which referred to the ship landing site there, " a free bank in front of the city at the port, which in Old Saxon was called Schar or Scher (in English shore ) ". To distinguish it from the Mariendom, this chapel was called in Low German "Sunte Maria to'm Schare", Latin "ecclesia tom Schare", or "Schar-Kapelle".
history
The Scharkapelle was at the Schartor , the gate to the harbor near the tree wall . Like other Hamburg gates in the 14th century , this was originally provided with a representation of the city patroness Maria (compare also the Ponttor in Aachen). The picture at the Schartor, however, was visited by pilgrims and sailors moving in and out and was considered miraculous : “ And no skipper left the port who had not begged the Mother of the Savior there to intercede with the Almighty, that he would have a happy journey and may a happy homecoming be part of it; and no one came home happy who had not offered thanks in the same place with prayer and alms. "
In 1371, the city council and cathedral chapter decided to build a prayer house on the bank, “so that you can hear the images of the hill Juncfrouwen, which is now in the Müren city by the Poorten Schardor ”. Construction began in 1375, financed by the city and foundations from citizens. It was not initially planned to use the chapel for church services, but later it received an altar consecrated to the city's patron saint Maria , as can be seen from foundations of liturgical equipment from 1376 and 1377. The altars were also later donated.
At the end of the 14th century the chapel, like the main altar, was consecrated to St. Clement . Two other altars were dedicated to the Holy Spirit and St. Margaret . Around 1500 the building was finally expanded to include a chapel in which an Anne altar was erected. Nothing more is known about the artistic equipment and the building design of the chapel. Around 1450 the prayer house had become a formal chapel in which the Jacob Brotherhood, a corporation of boatmen and their wives, held regular services.
During the iconoclasm of the Reformation in 1528, altars, pictures and shrines were torn down and smashed. After the Reformation, the building lost its importance in 1529 because it was no longer used for liturgical purposes. The fortunes of the chapel and the Jacobs Brotherhood were confiscated from the city treasury, all of the jewels (“ including gold and silver items, many monstrances, altar chalices and godparents, crucifixes, apostles etc., and a fine crown belonging to the image of St. Mary “), Ornaments, choir skirts, vestments, etc. were sold. Rifles, gunpowder and lead were temporarily stored there before it was used as a grain store for over 50 years from 1538.
In 1597 the council and citizens decide that an orphanage should be built on this site with the assets of the chapel and the Jacobs Brotherhood. This is made possible by a considerable legacy from the citizen Jochim Biel. In 1604 the orphanage is built on this site and a "little church is consecrated for worship".
In 1781 the newer orphanage was built on Admiralty Street, and in 1801 the building, which had been used as a school and workhouse for the Poor's Asylum, was sold, demolished, and the area of the Schar Chapel was built with houses and storehouses.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Otto Beneke: St. Maria to'm Schare. In: Hamburg stories and legends. Perthes-Besser & Mauke, Hamburg 1854, pp. 105-107.
- ↑ Source unknown, quoted from Otto Beneke: St. Maria to'm Schare. In: Hamburg stories and legends. Perthes-Besser & Mauke, Hamburg 1854, pp. 105-107.
- ↑ a b c Otto Beneke: The crowd chapel Säcularisirung. In: Hamburg stories and legends. Perthes-Besser & Mauke, Hamburg 1854, pp. 219-221.
literature
- Volker Plagemann: Sunken art history: the churches and artists of the Middle Ages in Hamburg. Dölling and Galitz, Hamburg 1999, pp. 157-160.
Web links
From: Otto Benecke: Hamburg stories and legends. Perthes-Besser & Mauke, Hamburg 1854
Coordinates: 53 ° 32 '43.2 " N , 9 ° 59' 4.4" E