Scharriereisen
The bush hammer is a flat chisel for the surface machining (leveling and structuring) of soft rock , such as sandstone and limestone , after the bosses using chisels and tooth iron or Krönel was largely completed. Regionally it is also called Breiteisen .
Tool molds
Depending on the hardness of the material to be processed, the width of the cutting edge and the slenderness of the blade are different. Quarter iron have a cutting width of approximately 40 to 60 mm, half of iron between 80 and 100 mm and width iron mm up to 240th The cutting edge tapers towards the shaft in the shape of a heart on chisels for very soft rocks. For the more difficult to work marbles and limestones, the bell or chalice shape is used. Scharriereisen are driven with wooden or rubber clubs .
Tool marks
The blade leaves parallel, deepened covings (so-called blows) on the stone surface . The tool marks are referred to as "Scharrierhieb, Kehlhieb" or, as the case may be, as "Broad Scharrier" or "Schmalscharrierung". The stonemasons, for example, call a scraper cut with a special look "Hamburg construction cut", a cut that is executed with a double strike.
history
Tool traces of the chisel iron can be proven from around 1450. In older German literature it was assumed that the tool came from France . The more recent, especially French research does not confirm this.
In the Gothic period , the edge was scraped at an angle of about 60 ° and, from the Baroque period, at right angles . A scratching of the modern age is the so-called "colorful scratching". This creates a chessboard-like pattern. In addition, “herringbone patterns” can be created on the stone surface through the different positions of the blade. The stonemason's striking techniques create grooves of different sizes up to 3 cm in half-radii. Usually these are coves of 2 to 3 mm. In the baroque in particular, there were special cuts on stones.
Similar tools
jobs
literature
- J (ean) -C (laude) Bessac: L'outillage traditionel du tailleur de pierre de l'antiquité à nos jours . (= 14 ème supplément de la Revue Archaéologique de Narbonnaise) 1986.
- Reiner Flassig: Historical stone processing. In: Training center for the stonemasonry and sculptor's trade (ed.): Steinmetzpraxis, The manual for daily work with natural stone. 2nd, revised edition. Ebner Verlag, Ulm 1994, ISBN 3-87188-138-4 , p. 310 ff.
- Karl Friedrich: Stone processing in its development from the 11th to the 18th century. Filser, Augsburg 1932.
- Peter Völkle: Work planning and stone processing in the Middle Ages . Ebner Verlag, Ulm 2016, ISBN 978-3-87188-258-6 .