Work planning and stone processing in the Middle Ages

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A sandstone that was worked as a pattern for a medieval stone surface . It is a so-called hewn surface, which was produced with a so-called smooth surface using both hands. It shows unmistakable clear surface marks.
The stone surface of a soft rock that has been processed with a so-called tooth surface .
A scratched stone surface that is typical of the Gothic period.

Work planning and stone processing in the Middle Ages is a non-fiction book by Peter Völkle that was published by Ebner Verlag Ulm in September 2016 . The second, unchanged edition came out in March 2017. The book deals with the technical techniques that were used for buildings made of natural stone in Central Europe from 1000 to 1500. The technical basics of stone construction technology in the Romanesque and Gothic periods are presented in detail . In addition, this new non-fiction book not only comprehensively expands the previous standard work on historical stone surface treatment by Karl Friederich from 1932, but replaces it. Furthermore, the non-fiction author, the current manager of the building works at the Bern Minster , succeeds in proving that there was systematic work planning in the Middle Ages .

content

The textbook is essentially divided into two sections. In the first section the relationship of design drawings, is plan cracks , tool marks on stone surfaces, stone working tools, auxiliary tools such as straight edge , angle , circle and drawing pen and color versions prepared in medieval Construction. These building details form significant historical sources. Furthermore, scratch lines, holes from transport tongs and visible scaffolding holes must be taken into account as historical traces. Völkle not only deals with the historical stone surfaces of the Gothic and Romanesque periods, but also with the stone processing methods in their change over time with the associated tools. He also devotes a separate chapter to the stone work of the ancient Roman stonemasons .

Völkle shows in a detailed second section using the example of the production of a stone canopy the application of the corresponding manual work techniques, aids and stone-working tools.

According to Völkle, it is not easy to read the interpretation and chronological assignment of the tool marks on historical buildings. However, they form an important historical source and their preservation and the documentation of the traces on the stone surfaces represent an important monument preservation task. In addition, the joint formation, the mortar and other construction details must be taken into account for historical data. According to Völkle, one can gain important additional knowledge from the traces of stone processing and date construction phases on historical stone structures.

Völkle systematically records historical stone surfaces and, after ten years of research, decided to publish his findings in book form.

  • Illustration of some historically used stone cutting tools that leave different traces

  • Illustration of the cutting edge of a smooth surface

  • The formation of a tooth surface can be seen on the stone surface on the left .

  • A so-called surface that can be used both as a smooth surface and as a tooth surface.

  • Sharpening iron (illustration of a current tool with a carbide insert in the cutting edge)

Standard work

The previous standard work for historical stone processing traces by Karl Friedrich was created in 1932. It dealt exclusively with the stone surfaces and the traces of historical buildings made of natural stone. It thus made it possible to assign the buildings to a specific time. The new book takes these findings as a starting point and adds essential details to them.

The fact that the erection of stone structures in the Middle Ages required preliminary planning work has not yet been fully proven. Using numerous sources, the author proves that there must have been work planning in the Middle Ages. Templates on a scale of 1: 1 were made from the plan plans and transferred to the stone to be made.

According to a review in the magazine “Monuments” of the German Foundation for Monument Protection, the book by Völkle is aimed at stonecutters, restorers, monument preservers, art historians, building researchers and architects, but also at interested laypeople.

author

The author of this textbook was born in 1965 in the southern Black Forest and went to school in Basel . He learned the stonemasonry and stone carving trade in Freiburg im Breisgau . From 1992 he got a job at the Münsterbauhütte Ulm, where he worked as a smelter. Since 2006 he has been the operations manager of the Berner Münsterbauhütte. As part of his duties, he deals with historical stone surfaces and their tool marks on his workplace and beyond.

Furthermore, for Völkle the drawing technique of the Gothic stone building technique is an important field of knowledge, which is also reflected in his book and he participates in the building research of the Bern Minster.

literature

  • Reiner Flassig: Historical stone processing. In: Training center for the stonemasonry and sculptor's trade (ed.): Steinmetzpraxis, The manual for daily work with natural stone. 2nd, revised edition. Ebner Verlag, Ulm 1994, ISBN 3-87188-138-4 , p. 310 ff.
  • Karl Friederich : Stone processing in its development from the 11th to the 18th century . Filser, Augsburg 1932.
  • Peter Völkle: Work planning and stone processing in the Middle Ages . 1st edition. Ebner Verlag, Ulm September 2016, ISBN 978-3-87188-258-6 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl Friedrich: The development of stone from the 11th to the 18th century . 1932. (Reprint: Augsburg 1988, ISBN 3-924756-02-3 .)
  2. ↑ Robert Stadler: After the Friedrich the Völkle follows. on: natursteinonline.de , November 28, 2016, accessed on August 8, 2017.
  3. ↑ a b Reiner Flassig: Worth reading: Work planning and stone processing in the Middle Ages. on: natursteinonline.de , September 22, 2016, accessed on August 3, 2017 ISSN  0028-1026
  4. ↑ Correctly classify traces on the building. In: Art + Stone. 5, 2016, p. 24.
  5. ↑ a b Alexandra Druzynski v. Boetticher, Peter Völkle: With methods of building research. New ways of knowing about the building history of the Bern Minster.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved on August 3, 2017. In: Berner Münster. Edited by the Swiss Society for Art History.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.gsk.ch  
  6. ↑ Basics of manual work techniques. Work planning and stone processing in the Middle Ages. In: Coviss. Raum und Zeit, p. 14. ( partly online at coviss.ch )
  7. ↑ Stone processing in the Middle Ages. In: Monuments. Magazine for monument culture. 6, 2016, p. 63.
  8. ↑ Peter Völkle "Stone Processing in Late Antiquity and in the Middle Ages". January 25, 2017, at Brandenburg Technical University . Faculty 6.
  9. ↑ Peter Völkle: Compasses and drawing pen. In: Gothic construction site. The Freiburg Minster. ed. v. Freiburg Minster Construction Association. Imhof, Petersberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-86568-880-4 .
  10. ^ Peter Völkle: The Gothic Drawing Technique: Materials, Tools and Drawing Process. In: Johann Josef Böker among others: Gothic architecture. Rhineland. Müry Salzmann Verlag, Salzburg 2013, ISBN 978-3-99014-064-2 , pp. 14-23.