Battle of every home

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The battle of each home was a battle between two high medieval armies of knights in the area of ​​today's city of Illertissen in Central Swabia . It marks the climax and the end of a feud between Count Hartmann von Kirchberg and Count Rudolf von Bregenz .

background

The Einsiedeln monastery possessed in the Middle Ages through extensive estate in Illertal , including the village Every Home (now the suburb of the town of Illertissen) - the parish church of each home is still the holy Meinrad of Einsiedeln , the founder of the monastery, dedicated. At the beginning of the 12th century, Count Otto von Buchhorn exercised the bailiff's rights over the possession of the Einsiedeln monastery in the Illertal. When he died without a legal successor, Count Hartmann von Kirchberg and Count Rudolf von Bregenz competed to take over the management of the property. Count Hartmann von Kirchberg owned Tissen Castle near every home, the successor of which is today's Vöhlin Castle in Illertissen and which in turn was the successor to a fortification from the time of the Hungarian invasions in the 10th century. Count Rudolf von Bregenz owned the nearby rule over Kellmünz on the Iller .

Strategic importance

The administration of monastic estates was attractive to secular nobles for several reasons. It was hoped that working on behalf of the Church would not only provide a bonus for one's own salvation; it was an honorable and prestigious activity, which not least also increased the opportunities to exercise power. So whoever exercised control over the property of Einsiedeln Abbey in the Illertal automatically became an important power factor in the Central Swabia region: As a north-south axis, the Illertal represented a not insignificant traffic route between the Alps and the Danube (the mouth of the Iller near Ulm ) .

battle

The exact time of the battle is unknown. The different chroniclers give three different dates, namely January 10, 1108, February 13, 1108 and January 10, 1109. The exact size of the two armies is also unknown. It is certain that Count Rudolf von Bregenz and his partisans rallied in front of Tissen Castle , whereupon Count Hartmann von Kirchberg stood on the spot for an open battle and won it victoriously.

particularities

It is also certain that both sides suffered extremely high losses in this battle, because this is a point that is particularly emphasized in the chronicles. For example, the chronicle of the Zwiefalten monastery states : "Rudolf von Hochdorf found death with Count Walter von Veringen and more than 50 others in the battle of each home and was buried with us". As a result, at least 53 knights died in the battle. This is a remarkably high number of casualties, since the armed forces mobilized in comparable regional feuds between counts in this era did not normally comprise more than a few dozen knights each. Based on this, it can be concluded that both sides must have suffered losses of 25–50% each in the battle of each home. This is all the more extraordinary, since the armed clashes between knight armies in comparable feuds (if there was no blood feud) were mostly limited to lifting each other out of the saddle and possibly taking prisoners, which usually did not result in fatal injuries.

consequences

Count Rudolf von Bregenz acknowledged his defeat and subsequently probably also compensated the descendants of the fallen Count Walter von Veringen through transfers of goods. The bailiwick rights over the ownership of the monastery Einsiedeln in the Illertal passed to Count Hartmann von Kirchberg.

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Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Gunther Dohl: "The Counts of Wartstein and their castles in the Lautertal", published by the Association of Local Museums in the Alb-Danube District, Ulm 1991.

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