Battle of Newburn
| date | August 28, 1640 |
|---|---|
| place | Newburn , Newcastle upon Tyne |
| output | Scottish victory |
| consequences | Charles I must offer peace |
| Parties to the conflict | |
|---|---|
|
Scottish troops |
English troops |
| Commander | |
|
General Alexander Leslie |
|
| Troop strength | |
| 24,000 | 4,500 |
| losses | |
|
12 |
60 |
Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639–1651) in Scotland
Newburn - Marston Moor - Tippermuir - Aberdeen (1644) - Inverlochy (1645) - Lagganmore - Auldearn - Carlisle (1645) - Alford - Kilsyth - Philiphaugh - Aberdeen (1646) - Rhunahaorine Moss - Dunaverty - Mauchline Muir - Preston (1648) - Whiggamore Raid - Stirling (1648) - Inverness (1649) - Inverness (1650) - Carbisdale - Dunbar (1650) - Inverkeithing - Worcester - Tullich
In the Battle of Newburn , after the 1st Episcopal War , the English King Charles I tried to make up for his defeat and wanted to attack the Scottish Covenanters again. But there was not enough money, so only in Berwick-upon-Tweed troops were concentrated, while only a few were available on the rest of the border. In contrast, the Scottish general Alexander Leslie was an experienced soldier from the Thirty Years' War , in which he had fought for Sweden. In addition, part of his wages had been paid by the Swedes in cannons and muskets, so that he could lead a modern armed army.
The Scots crossed the Tweed and marched along the Tyne towards Newcastle upon Tyne . 3,000 infantry and 1,500 cavalry under the command of Edward Conway awaited them there .
The English, under the command of Henry Wilmot, fortified the ford at Newburn (also: Newbourne ) with cannons and trenches to stop the Scots. A brief skirmish relaxed, which the superior Scottish weapons won. Leslie had occupied Heddon Law , but the greater range of the Scottish artillery decided the battle. The English army fled after a short time and gave up Newcastle. The Scots could now occupy Northumberland and Durham .
consequences
Newcastle was the main port from which London was supplied with coal. The capital was now cut off from its most important source of energy. The king now had to enter into negotiations and so the peace of Ripon came on October 26, 1640 .
literature
- Walter Scott: Tales of a grandfather from Scottish history , 1823 digitized
- von Rudolff: History of the Reformation in Scotland , Volume 2, Berlin 1854 P. 53ff, digitized
