Polheim Castle (Wels)
The Polheim Castle , also called Pollheim Castle , is located in the city of Wels , the second largest city in Upper Austria and can be traced back to the Polheimer noble family. The castle is one of the most important sights in the city of Wels.
history
Polheim noble family
Polheim Castle was first mentioned in a document in 1237, which was probably built by the influential ruler in Wels, Albero von Polheim. The Polheimers were an aristocratic family from Pollham near Grieskirchen, who acquired an important property complex in Wels around 1200. This complex was later broken through with the construction of the city wall.
Building history
The time when the Polheim Palace was built should be roughly equal with the construction of the former Minorite monastery around 1280. The Polheimers had come to Wels from their headquarters near Grieskirchen and built a castle with a castle chapel , 24 rooms, 20 chambers, 1 stable, aisle, 4 kitchens, 7 cellars, 10 vaults, 6 grain boxes, stables with 20 horses, 3 water fountains, 1 rising fish fountain, 1 brewery and gardens. The beginnings lie in the years 1530–1569 when the place of the Bruckstadl, the Kasten and the armory were sold to the Polheimer. The city gave the noble family permission to build on the city wall. In the years 1568/69, with the permission of the city lord, Emperor Maximilian II, the north gate to the then city moat was broken out and built. The breakthrough in the city wall can be seen on the vault of the north gate.
There were numerous changes to the palace between 1704 and 1733. This included extensive roof repairs and repairs in the brewery with kettles and pans (1704/1705), attaching a button to the ceiling of the clock tower (1705), repairing individual rooms and in the large stable (1707/1708/1712), repairing gates and new gate leaves ( 1711/1724), roofing of the tower (1733). In 1741 repairs were made to the hall, including a grain box for storing oats and repairs to the brewery pan. On imperial orders, the hall in Polheim Palace was designated as a grain store.
In 1766 the bridge was to be rebuilt over the moat at the request of the moat houses. In 1768 the collapsed hall at Polheim was restored. Between the years 1780-1825 there were again numerous repairs and construction costs. A construction plan was drawn up in 1821. In 1830 the castle fell into disrepair, the Pauluskapelle served as a hop store and the other restaurants as the town's brewery. In 1835 the city had until 1837 to build the arrests in the Polheim Palace. In 1836 the school wing had to be demolished because of the risk of collapse. In 1841 a decimal scale was bought instead of the municipal hay scale.
In 1842 the building of the detention facility had still not been completed. In 1847 there was the city brewery in vaults next to the gate on the ground floor and the coats of arms are still visible in Polheim Castle. At that time the castle had three towers, the highest tower was destroyed by a lightning strike.
Between 1878 and 1966, many parts of the castle were demolished, including the eastern half of the castle, which was then replaced by residential buildings. Residential complexes that are still in use today were also built between the gate and the castle part. In addition, the farm building, the part east of Hessenstrasse, was demolished. Thus only the last part of the north wing and the east wing with the entrance from the clearing remained.
Conversions
In connection with renovations, one speaks of 3 major construction periods which essentially contribute to the current appearance. The part of the castle that today shows its appearance from Ringstrasse and Pollheimerstrasse fell in the period of construction. The outer wall (former city wall) still shows its function as a fortification. Due to the slits that were used for bows and crossbowmen, the first modification in the age before the introduction of the firearm must be done, otherwise the slits would have to show some change. After the first construction and the first reconstruction in the first construction period, the old wing was increased (today Freiung 13 14 16). The addition of the chapel wing was added to a later construction period. This was able to preserve the window reveals and stone rosettes. The transverse wing with the arched passage and the adjoining hall building (bordering Ringstrasse) with its stair tower were carried out during the last renovation period. So far, work has been carried out on the buildings Freiung 12 and 18 of the Polheim Palace for the protection of monuments. At number 18 the roof was restored in 1975 which number 12 was also carried out in the same style. The restoration work was completed in 1976. In the following years small works and renovations were carried out with a new complex being placed on part of the castle.
owner
Until 70 years ago, Polheim Castle in Wels belonged to all three Polheim lines. By renouncing the Wartenburger and Leibnizer lines, it was transferred to Wels Castle, the Wels line under Sigmund Ludwig von Polheim. Similarities remained, however, among other things, the freedom in Wels and the fiefs which arose from the inheritance of the Lords of Tann.
In 1630 their property in and around Wels was dissolved due to debts of the Polheimers. Through Wolf Philipp Unverzagt the castle came into the hands of the Barons Spindler, who exchanged it for the city of Wels in 1695.
In 1695 the castle became the property of the city of Wels through the sale of Johann Philipp Baron Spindler and Irnharting and Wildenstein. According to the archives of cities and markets, the castle was achieved on June 28, 1838 with an estimated value of 13,184 fl. One part remained in the hands of the city, the other parts went to Wolfgang Tiefenthaler (owner of the Pernau estate in Wels), Stefan Radlegger (carpenter), Josef Freund (businessman) and Michael Kierner (brewer). In 1842 the city bought back the part from Stephan Radlegger for the construction of a coronation festival. In 1847 Pummerer bought back the brewery wing. In 1938 the city decided to sell parts of the castle. Today the part of the building where the state music school is located belongs to the city of Wels and the other part to an investor.
| Tenants in the castle | year |
|---|---|
| Andre Paumgarttner, Latin schoolmaster | 1700-1703 |
| Proud, schoolmaster | 1700-1703 |
| Samuel Abtemayr, doctor | 1705-1710 |
| (Joh.) Ignaz Stocker, schoolmaster | 1711-1740 |
| Mathias Stocker, old schoolmaster | 1725-1728 |
| Franz Perger, schoolmaster | 1741-1745 |
| Karl Steiner, organ maker | 1782-1792 |
| 4 assembly magazines, provisions bakery and baker's apartment in the countryside | 1782-1792 |
General
The medieval complex was completely changed through numerous modifications and the destruction of individual parts.
The Polheimerhof was built in 1878 on the model of the Heinrichshof (Wiener Ringstrasse opposite Heinrich Ferstel's opera). The client was Johann Ploberger, a building contractor. The Polheimerhof is a large-sized building with 18 window axes which extends to Plobergerstraße. In the east one could reach the breakthrough through the Polheimer stables, which created access to the open space.
The whole is divided into a central block and two corner towers as well as three-dimensional connecting tracts. Among other things, it housed the post office, which was rebuilt in 1961 on Kaiser-Josef-Platz.
A plaque next to the portal on the north side of the castle reminds us that in 1513 the well-known Nuremberg master-singer Hans Sachs lived temporarily as a shoemaker's apprentice in Wels. At that time he was one of the best-known Mastersingers of the Wels Mastersingers School. This is also where his first poem is said to have been written.
Facility
The Polheimers used the castle building for a variety of purposes. These ranged from a soldiers' quarters to a grain and hop store and a city brewery to arrest, various theater performances and living spaces. In the rooms of the castle, the music school of the state of Upper Austria is now housed in addition to rental apartments.
- Latin school
A school already existed in Wels in the high Middle Ages. The name "Rudegerus Scholasticus" comes from a document from 1273, which translated means parish schoolmaster. At the beginning of the 16th century there was a schoolhouse between the rectory and the Pfarrgasse. That building was combined into one structural unit in 1512 and was initially referred to as the sacristan's house or beneficiary house and from the 17th century onwards as the "choir regent house". In 1560/61 the building was completely destroyed by fire. In 1564 the school was rebuilt and given the name "die Lataynisch schuel alhie". From January 10, 1610–1624 after the evangelical schoolmaster was expelled, the house belonged to Bäckergasse 6 and house no. 4, which burned down in 1676, belonged to the city for the Latin school. At the time of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestant Latin schools became increasingly rare, but Latin lessons continued. At the turn of the century there was a transition to private teaching and there was hardly any talk of a public Latin school. The exception was the approval in 1696 for Andre Paumgartner to hold "a lat. Schuel alhie" with the condition that he was only allowed to hold a Latin school but not a German school. Classes take place in a room in Polheim Palace.
- secondary schools
In 1783, a secondary school was opened in Polheim Castle for both sexes, consisting of 4 classrooms in the castle and 4 classes. The first teacher and school principal was Joseph Leibetseder. In 1810, Felix von Froschauer separated girls and boys. The girls were housed next to the parish church in the "Regens chori house. The girls' school (Pfarrgasse 25), which belonged to the parish, was opened at Easter 1811.
In 1825 the school fund bought the new main school building for boys at Stadtplatz 39 / Freiung 3 (Stadt 129), and from October 1, 1851, the lower secondary school was housed with one school level. This could be attended by the boys after graduating from secondary school.
- Volks and citizen schools
In 1929/30 these schools were located in the house at Stadtplatz 39. Citizens' schools are located at Rainerstraße 5, today's Volks- u. Secondary schools.
- brewery
| brewer | year |
|---|---|
| Ursula Ernleutner | 1639 |
| Sebastian Schwarzengrueber | 1654 |
| Balthasar Froschauer | 1686 |
| Michael Glezl | 1691 |
| Balthasar Mösserer and Hans Georg Pilati | 1699-1701 |
| Georg Feichtner | 1702-1707 |
| Joh. Adam Pichler | 1707-1740 |
| Pichler's heirs | 1740-1785 |
| Josef Schorner, Karl Stolz | 1785-1787 |
| Gottfried Lang, Joh. Adam Binder | 1806 |
| Jos. Obermüller | 1810 |
| Michael Kierner | 1838-1845 |
| AG Pummerer | - around 1880 |
The brewery probably originated in the time when the city palace belonged to the Polheimers. Between 1632 and 1695 it was owned by Hans Paul, Johann Ignaz and Johann Philipp Spindler on Irnharting and Wildenstein. The bar in the castle was a thorn in the side for the bourgeois people and innkeepers. In 1616 the wine tavern was stopped and in the 17th century a case against Spindler because of the draft beer in the castle brewery was running. On August 25, 1695, a contract on the transfer of ownership of the castle to the city was finalized. In order to generate high income, the brewery and dairy were leased and the rooms in the castle were rented out by the heavily indebted city. Until 1838 the brewery remained in the possession of the city until the whole castle was auctioned off. The brewery was sold to Michael Kierner, a brewer in Aigen who sold it to AG Pummerer in 1847. Between 1873 and 1878 the brewery then went to Johann Ploberger who finally ceased operations in the eighties. There is a map of the location of the brewery, but it is not complete. What is known, however, is that the demolished castle wing extends eastward to the extent that still exists today with the Liedertafelsaal and connects to the house Freiung No. 8, which is still in existence today and which formerly formed the east wing of the palace complex. To the east of the passage that led across the moat to the castle courtyard were the beer tavern, the brewery and the storage rooms, which stretched to today's Plobergerstrasse. Today's stairs to the Liedertafelsaal used to be the stairs to the brewery apartment.
location
Originally, the Polheimschloss was located opposite the princely castle on the northwest corner of the city fortifications. The Polheim complex also included the area up to Schmidtgasse in the east of the city and in the south the area up to and including the clearance . The Meierhof (Gappenhof) and other properties belonging to the Polheimers were located opposite the castle, outside the medieval city. The entrance that juts out onto today's Ringstrasse was secured by a drawbridge and a ditch that was filled in in 1875.
Today the castle is located, albeit in a smaller form, at the beginning of the Ringstrasse and its inner courtyard overlooks the clearing. In addition, the Polheimer Park, which is located outside the complex on Pollheimerstraße, surrounds the remains of the building.
architecture
The medieval castle wing has a tower in the Gothic style , as well as Gothic window frames and Gothic coat of arms. This part is followed by the renaissance part. The attraction here is the architectural sculpture of the windows. In the inner courtyard there is still the former palace chapel from 1519 with its late Gothic windows.
Part of the castle was demolished in the 17th century and today an irregular building made of two wings can be seen in the late Renaissance style.
literature
- Georg Clam Martinic : Austrian Castle Lexicon. 1992.
- Norbert Grabherr: Castles and palaces in Upper Austria. 1970.
- Georg Grüll : Castles and palaces in the Innviertel and Alpine foothills. Vienna 1964. In: Georg Grüll: Upper Austria's castles and palaces. 3 volumes, Vienna 1962–1964.
- Oskar Hille: Castles and palaces in Upper Austria then and now. 1975.
- Laurin Luchner: Castles in Austria. Volume II. 1983.
- Ilse Schöndorfer: Castles and palaces in Upper Austria. 2001.
- Anna Maria Sigmund : The House of Habsburg. Habsburg houses. 1995.
- Gerhard Stenzel: From castle to castle in Austria. 1973.
- Archival preparatory work on Austrian art topography, Wels judicial district, 4th part: Public. Buildings, castles and palaces in Wels, Gilbert Trathnigg, Vienna 1968.
- Gilbert Trathnigg : The Welser Breweries. Contributions to the house chronicle of Wels (3). In: Yearbook of the Wels Museum Association 1966/67. Volume 13, Wels 1967, pp. 61–75, online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at
- WinAGIS - general community information system of the city of Wels, category archive.
Web links
- City of Wels: Polheim Castle
- Entry via Wels - Polheim on Burgen-Austria
Individual evidence
- ↑ Tourist Info ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 7.7 MB)
Coordinates: 48 ° 9 '26.2 " N , 14 ° 1' 21.6" E