Castle shipyard
The Schlosswerft in Harburg is a former shipyard with an interesting history, which was founded in 1884 by Reinhold F. Holtz. It had to close in 1930 and was reopened in 1940 for the construction of hydrofoil speedboats.
Harburg inland port (1539)
Harburg was mentioned for the first time in 1137 as Horeburg (swamp castle). The castle was expanded into a citadel with surrounding water areas and later converted into Harburg Castle . In 1813 the Harburg office moved into the remaining castle buildings. The extended water areas of the castle moat became a harbor basin and an inland port (dock port), which was connected to the Elbe via one, at times two locks . Harburg received market rights in 1529 , a wooden harbor and the first shipyards were established in 1539 .
In the second half of the 19th century, after the rail connection around the port, a flourishing industrial site emerged. In the course of time a center of Harburg shipbuilding developed on the citadel island . The inland port was further expanded and significantly enlarged. The construction work was completed by 1895. The port had around 27 hectares of water and almost 10 kilometers of quay length , almost 8 km of which was equipped with railroad tracks and transshipment points. In addition to the company's own crane facilities , there were almost 40 state cranes.
Shipyards
Övelgönne (1876)
R. Holtz founded his first shipyard in Övelgönne near Altona in 1876 and built small wooden boats with and without steam drive here. The machinery was obtained from other companies. However, since he had no opportunities for spatial expansion in Övelgönne, he moved his company to Harburg.
The castle shipyard (1884)
The castle shipyard, which was founded by Reinhold Holtz in 1884, was located on the castle island right next to the castle. In addition to the shipbuilding workshops and slip systems, he was also able to set up a machine shop, model carpentry, iron and metal foundry and produce the necessary machines and steam boilers in his own workshops.
When the last authority moved from the castle to the new district office in Eissendorfer Straße (Harburg) in 1897, Holtz took advantage of the opportunity and acquired the land with buildings in 1900. The east wing of Harburg Castle was converted into a representative residence of the Holtz family around 1900, and it also housed shipyard offices. In 1972 the east wing was demolished. The west wing became a tenement house for the shipyard workers. The building still stands today and is one of the oldest in Harburg.
Holtz mainly built and repaired boats and inland waterways and until 1917 only a few tugs, steam launchers, small passenger ships and seagoing vessels. The ideas and demand for the majority of his production resulted from the demands of the rubber and oil industry based in Harburg and the peculiarities of the countries of origin of the raw material. As a specialty, the shipyard therefore produced surf boats and river boats that can be dismantled for the transport of rubber , palm kernels, coconut oil and copra . It was not until 1913 that other steamers, steam tugs and, from 1917, more and more fish steamers up to 300 GRT for Hamburg shipping companies and the Imperial Navy were built. The castle shipyard benefited from the fast growing industrial development of the empire and the citadel island no longer offered enough space to build and repair the ships due to the rapid expansion and growing ship sizes at the turn of the century.
Norderwerft (1905/06)
Therefore, in 1905, Holtz built a new shipyard on Reiherstieg in Hamburg , the Norderwerft , which was equipped with five slipways and a floating dock . At the end of the First World War , this company was sold to the United Elbe and Norder shipyards.
Great Depression (1930) - Scheel and Jöhnk (1933)
The stock market crash and the resulting global economic crisis lasted until October 1929. The Harburg industry was hard hit, but the shipbuilding industry was hit even worse. The castle shipyard was among the victims. Holtz had to close the shipyard in 1930. Some of the employees like Scheel and Jöhnk founded a new shipyard on Citadel Island in 1933, which still exists today as the Jöhnk shipyard .
Sachsenberg brothers (1940–1945)
On March 16, 1940, the Sachsenberg brothers took over the grounds of the Schlosswerft as a branch yard and built the hydrofoil boats that were newly developed with Freiherr von Schertel. Schertel's greatest success before the war was a demonstration for the Cologne-Düsseldorf Deutsche Rheinschiffahrt AG with its eighth test boat, the Silbervogel . With this boat and 7 passengers he carried out a successful demonstration trip from Mainz to Cologne and back in April 1934. The boat had an output of 50 hp and reached a speed of 55 km / h.
The background to the acquisition of the Schlosswerft was the interest of the Wehrmacht and Navy in the very fast ships of the Schertel-Sachsenberg-Schnellboots-Konsortium founded in 1936. The activities were divided between the Sachsenberg shipyard in Roßlau an der Elbe, research stations in Berlin and Luckenwalde and the castle shipyard in Hamburg-Harburg, which was expanded for this purpose. Within the scope of these activities hydrofoils of different sizes from 5 to 100 tons were built, in Rosslau the smaller ones and in Harburg the bigger ones. The navy commissioned a total of 16 and the army two of these new types of ships. 11 hydrofoils were built in Rosslau and 7 at the former castle shipyard in Harburg. With the types "VS-8" and "VS-9" and construction numbers 1689 and 1690, the largest hydrofoil boats of the time for the supply traffic across the Mediterranean were developed, built and tested at the shipyard. They were named SCHELL 1 and SCHELL 2 after General Adolf von Schell , who became known through the Schell Plan .
literature
- Werner Hinsch, Klaus J. Sachsenberg: Hydrofoils of the Schertel-Sachsenberg system: a German development . Volume 5 of the publications of the Association for the Promotion of the Lauenburger Elbschiffahrtsmuseum eV Association for the Promotion of the Lauenburger Elbe Shipping Museum, Verlag Elbe-Spree-Verlag, 2007
See also
Web links
- World of monuments Harburger inland port . (PDF; 4.8 MB) (accessed June 5, 2010)
- Jochen Gipp: Speedboat test in the inland port . In: Hamburger Abendblatt , August 5, 2006 (accessed June 5, 2010)
- Photo of the hydrofoil SHELL 1 at the Schloßwerft
Coordinates: 53 ° 28 ′ 4 " N , 9 ° 59 ′ 14" E
Individual evidence
- ^ The port of Harburg. In: Journal of Construction . Edited by Ministry of Public Works, Volume 45, 1895. Columns 107–120, 317–330, panels 16–18. Digitization of the text part (56MB) and the panels