Forge saddle
Forging saddles are, like dies , replaceable components (inserts) in mechanical hammers . The function consists of forging ( stretching , forging or forging) of the usually glowing iron ( steel ), similar to the anvil and hammer .
The term saddle in metal technology goes back to the invention of the waterwheel -driven tail hammer ; the paired arrangement as upper and lower saddle , however, depends on the development of modern forging machines such. B. the Bêché air hammers together. The saddle or saddles are among others in the spring hammer , the drop hammer and forging presses used. For the (moving) upper saddle, the name bear can also be found in the forge , the fixed lower saddle is the actual die or track . "Die" and "Bahn" denote the shaping part, which is why the path on the hammer head of a normal hand hammer is the path on the hammer head (the flat point of impact of the fin and the like, the die stands for more complex shapes). With machine forging, however, the striking part is usually generally flat, and the forming part is fixed - and is often interchangeable: that is the actual function of the "saddle" to accommodate this interchangeable part. “Bear” always means the moving part, so a counter-blow hammer is differentiated between upper and lower rams , analogously one speaks of ram for the head of the ram. Later, the tool holder is also relocated to the moving part, which is technically much more complex and softens the distinctions in numerous special machines.
In the linguistic-wrought technical relevance, the term shifted saddle part to die , although no wells (sinkings, wells) or reliefs in the sense of sinking than pushing 'are present, which designates a die, in general, where the mold is immediately set : Today, closed- die forging is different from open- die forging (the only difference between compression molding and closed-die forging is that the hammer strikes faster and sometimes several times, the press only presses once). Today one speaks z. B. with an air hammer from a horizontal saddle , while the crown die was only slightly changed in the horizontal and vertical line.
In the past and present, the forging saddles (or the designated forging dies) are used exclusively for open-die forging. The blacksmith has to work out the shape of his workpiece freely, which means empathy and above all experience. This process is used, for example, in art forging technology, sometimes also in tool forging technology and also e.g. B. in the manufacture of forged nails, which are recently again massively required in facade construction.
Open die forging is used because not all parts can be drop forged, which can be seen very well in the example of square carpenter nails. When forging in a die, the burrs and bevels on each nail would have to be ground individually, which is not necessary with open-die forging.
In open die forging, in particular, it is possible to produce individual pieces or small series without having to produce a shape , as is the case with die forging .
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Willy Pockrandt, Joseph Vincent Woodworth: Forging in the die and production of the forging dies . 2nd Edition. Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-662-33858-2 , pp. 86 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ Recksattel No. 2402b ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Website of Angele (long-standing and important mechanical engineering company for forging technology. Accessed on January 27, 2013).
