Shtora

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The shtora ( Russian Штора , "curtain") is a Russian distance-active protection system developed by the Uniitransmash engineering office in St. Petersburg. It serves to increase a tank's chances of survival on the battlefield. The system can be mounted on T-80 , T-90 , T-84 and M-84 tanks and works fully automatically. The system was first shown at an arms fair in Abu Dhabi in 1995 and is in use in Russia .

technology

T-90 turret with the two infrared searchlights next to and the laser warning sensor above the cannon
Detailed view of the infrared spotlight OTSchU-1-7

The system interferes with wire-guided missiles , laser-guided weapons and laser rangefinders and is therefore part of the softkill systems, but it can also be coupled with an arena hardkill system in order to increase effectiveness.

The system is four-part. It consists of two infrared - lights on the tower front, smoke grenade launcher , laser warning sensor and computer system. Schtora has a 360 ° monitoring range against laser in the horizontal and −5 ° to + 25 ° in the vertical. To defend against laser-guided anti-tank missiles, the turret of the tank automatically swivels in the direction of the laser source when a laser warning is received and the system triggers the smoke launch system. This builds a fog curtain in a sector of 2 × 45 ° in front of the vehicle in a maximum of three seconds . The fog interrupts visual contact with the tank, so that the laser marking fails. To defend against wire-guided guided missiles, the turret must be swiveled manually towards the launch device. The infrared headlights send a continuous interference signal to disrupt the steering device. The 1100 watt headlights are supposed to outshine the missile's IR source and thus deceive the weapon’s steering system so that the missile can no longer be controlled by the shooter. The headlights cover an area of ​​20 ° to the right and left of the main weapon, but only ± 2 ° up and down, so that the weapon has to be aimed very precisely at the steering device. A fault is not possible outside of this range.

Tests have shown that semi-automated guidance systems reduce the probability of a hit to a third for laser-guided missiles and to a quarter for wire-guided missiles. Since the defense against wire-guided missiles is not automatic, the actual hit probability is higher under combat conditions. This applies to US and Western European weapons such as HOT , TOW , MILAN , Trigat , M47 Dragon , AGM-114 Hellfire and Copperhead , as well as to Soviet and Russian weapons such as 9M14 Maljutka , 9K113 Konkurs , 9K116 Kastet and 9K135 Kornet .

literature

  • Rolf Hilmes: Main battle tanks today and tomorrow , Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2007.

Web links

  • Kotsch
  • Defense Update (English)
  • Deagel (English)
  • Tom J. Meyer: Active Protective Systems. Impregnable Armor or Simply Enhanced Survivability? (=  ARMOR . May-June 1998). June 1998, p. 7–11 ( fas.org [PDF; 546 kB ; accessed on May 10, 2015]).