PARS 3 LR
| PARS 3 LR | |
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| General Information | |
| Type | Anti-tank guided missile |
| Manufacturer | PARSys GmbH |
| development | 1988-2005 |
| Unit price | € 558,824 |
| Technical specifications | |
| length | 1.6 m |
| diameter | 159 mm |
| Combat weight | 49 kg |
| span | 0.37 m |
| drive | Solid rocket |
| speed | 290 m / s (1044 km / h) |
| Range | nominal 6 km |
| Furnishing | |
| Target location | Imaging infrared steering |
| Warhead | Tandem shaped load 9 kg |
| Detonator | Contact ignition |
| Weapon platforms | Eurocopter Tiger |
| Lists on the subject | |
The PARS 3 LR ( anti-tank missile system of the third-generation long-range ) is a fire-and-forget - anti-tank missile , which can also be used against enemy helicopters. It began as a European development under the name Trigat (in France AC 3G ) and is only put into service by Germany. The weapon is manufactured by PARSys GmbH, a joint venture between MBDA Deutschland GmbH and Diehl BGT Defense .
development
Trigat began as a European program in which the three countries France , Germany and the United Kingdom participated. In 1988, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed to develop a family of anti-tank guided weapons. Belgium and the Netherlands joined as associate members in 1989. The weapons were developed by the Euromissile Dynamics Group (EMDG) GIE ( MBB , Aérospatiale and BAe Dynamics ). MBB and Aérospatiale were merged into EADS (now Airbus Group ) in 2000 and BAe Dynamics merged with Matra Defense into Matra BAe Dynamics in 1996 . In 2001, Aérospatiale-Matra Missiles (a subsidiary of EADS, now Airbus Group), Matra BAe Dynamics ( BAE Systems ) and Alenia Marconi Systems ( Leonardo ) founded MBDA , under whose roof sales take place today. The tests of the lighter Trigat MR were completed in July 1998 and began for the LR version in 2003. In July 2000, the United Kingdom decided to phase out, followed by the Netherlands in September. France said goodbye to the project in 2004. The family should include two guided missile systems:
- Trigat MR: This lighter variant should be used by infantrymen in the field. Like the 9K121 Wichr, the weapon was designed as a beam rider . The laser seeker was by the weapon at the rear of the missile, the missile tries to stay within the laser beam during the flight. The launch platform should be equipped with an infrared aiming system and a CO 2 laser. The shooting range should be 200 m to 2400 m. The weapon had a tandem hollow charge and, like the Trigat LR variant, was controlled via gas nozzles.
- Trigan: Variant of the Trigat MR, which should be controlled via a steering wire that has been drawn in, in order to be used from MILAN starters.
- Trigat LR: The variant with higher speed and range should be used by vehicles and helicopters. After Germany continued the development alone, the name was changed to PARS 3 LR .
Between March 2000 and June 2001, four test shots took place with the Trigat LR. Various approach profiles were tested for stationary and moving targets at a distance of 500 to 4200 meters. The AMX-30 and Leopard-1 tanks were also fired using smoke-throwing systems . Four out of five missiles launched hit their target, one had to be blown up because it had been lost by the tracking radar. The final series of tests began on September 27, 2001 when a moving helicopter hit an accelerating tank with a Trigat at a distance of 2,600 m. On October 19, the level of difficulty was increased: A tank was shot at and hit head-on at 4500 m, while another tank was used as bait in the background. Four days later, on October 23, a moving target at 4,500 m was shot at behind a decoy-throwing T-72 . The target was hit, as was a tank on November 27th, which also triggered pyrotechnic decoys after the weapon had been fired at 4500 m at 180 km / h airspeed. A second guided missile in the starter also activated successfully and retained the detection. The subsequent test took place on December 5th. A tank drove a curve at 4000 m next to a diesel fire and was hit on the turret. The first successful tests of the electronics took place in December 2002; A series of tests on a Panther helicopter followed in 2003 . The first tests with the Eurocopter Tiger were completed between 2004 and early 2005 , so that the rocket was ready for series production in mid-2005. In a series of test shots on the Tiger, which were completed on May 20, 2011, targets in about 7000 m could be fought with sharp warheads.
technology
The rocket consists of an imaging infrared seeker , behind it are the pre-hollow charge and the gas nozzles, followed by the main hollow charge and the drive. The weapons are transported in square starting containers, each of which holds four guided weapons per container. The containers protect the missiles from splinters and cool the seeker heads in order to avoid delays in targeting as with the FGM-148 Javelin . The HIPPAG 320 (High Pressure Pure Air Generator) cools the viewfinder down to cryogenic temperatures using compressed air . The target is captured by an image-processing IR seeker head that works in the wavelength range from 8 to 12 μm and is instructed on the target via the OSIRIS mast sight of the UH Tiger before the missile is launched. There are four oars on the fuselage for control purposes, which neutralize any turning movements and steer the missile towards the target. Basically, two approach modes can be selected:
- Direct: The guided missile flies directly to the target
- Lofted: The weapon flies in an arc from above
Four rockets can be fired as a volley at four different targets. To do this, the shooter selects the desired targets one after the other, whereby these must remain in the field of vision of the mast sight. The helicopter then performs a pop-up maneuver and fires four PARS 3 LR at the various targets within eight seconds. Thanks to the fire-and-forget properties, the helicopter can then immediately take cover and change position. The tandem shaped charge is ignited when it hits the ground. The rudder control and the high top speed of 290 m / s also enable effective combat against enemy helicopters.
Users and costs
In June 2006, the Federal Audit Office criticized the high costs of procuring the missiles. Taking the development into account, a single shot would cost around 1.3 million euros. 680 rockets were ordered on June 30, 2006 for 380 million euros. The need for these missiles was registered in Germany in 1982, and the delivery will take place in the years 2015 to 2018 [out of date] .
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Germany : 680
Web links
- MBDA - PARS 3 LR , manufacturer website
- MBDA - PARS 3 LR , manufacturer PDF of the guided weapon
Individual evidence
- ↑ PARS 3 LR: Diehl Defense
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento from April 12, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento from July 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ HIPPAG - Missile Seeker Cooling
- ^ Anti-tank guided missile developments