School essay

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School essay by Theodor Heuss , 1898

A school essay is a self-contained text written by a student on a topic (usually) given by the teacher in a given form.

Essays are a form of text production in language lessons (especially in German lessons ) and can be written as homework , in school lessons or as class work or examination performance. In addition to writing the actual text, it is often necessary to prepare an outline beforehand. School essays were used to help students practice high-level language. That is why in the GDR - at least since 1966 - an essay in German was rated with five individual grades (spelling, grammar, expression, content and form), from which the overall grade was formed - not always as a simple mathematical average.

Typical attachment types include:

  • the discussion (e.g. on the basis of a factual text; in the case of a topic without reference to a given text also called "free discussion" or "reflection essay")
  • the dialectical essay discussing thesis, antithesis and synthesis (example: "Is it better to live in the city or in the country?")
  • the text interpretation of fictional texts (e.g. the interpretation of poems )
  • the image interpretation (via works of fine art)
  • the description of pictures, plants, animals, objects (example: "My bike") and processes
  • the table of contents of fictional or factual texts
  • the retelling of texts or picture stories
  • the free narration using stimulus words or given topics (example: "A day as a cat" in first-person form)
  • the experience report (experience story) about the student's own experiences (example: "My most beautiful holiday experience")
  • the picture story , d. H. add text to a drawn story
  • the factual and the private letter

See also

literature

  • Bernhard Asmuth : History of didactics and methodology of writing and essay lessons . In: Hartmut Günther, Otto Ludwig (Ed.): Writing and writing. An international handbook of international research. Half volume 2. De Gruyter, Berlin and New York 1996, pp. 1277-1285, ISBN 3-11-014744-0 .
  • Bernhard Asmuth: The development of the German school essay from rhetoric. In: Heinrich F. Plett (Ed.): Rhetorik. Critical positions on the state of research. Wilhelm Fink, Munich 1977, pp. 276-292, ISBN 3-7705-1377-0 .
  • Birgit Lahann (Ed.): Abitur. Of ducks and rebels. 150 years of contemporary history in articles by prominent Germans . Gruner and Jahr, Hamburg 1982, ISBN 3-570-07025-5 .
  • Martin Lott: Essay. Evaluation - assessment - criticism . (= EUB series of publications, Education - Teaching - Education; Vol. 43). Kovač, Hamburg 1996, ISBN 3-86064-438-6 .
  • Otto Ludwig : The school essay. His story in Germany . De Gruyter, Berlin and New York 1988, ISBN 3-11-011603-0 .
  • Hans Lösener, Otto Ludwig: History of the school essay in examples. A work book . Schneider Verlag Hohengehren, Baltmannsweiler 2007, ISBN 978-3-8340-0320-1 .
  • Eduard Spranger : Our school essay - trash in disguise? In: Pedagogical Archive 53 (1911) 5, pp. 279–284 ( digitized version )
  • G. Wenz: Essay and essay lessons . In: Lexicon of contemporary pedagogy . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1930, Sp. 141–144 ( digitized version )

Web links

Wiktionary: essay  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Wiktionary: German essay  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations