School health care

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The school health care is to prevent the goal diseases of students to recognize them early and show ways to cure such diseases (see § 54 para. 1. Education Act for the country North Rhine-Westphalia - Schools Act). This objective is similar in other German federal states.

The basic idea of ​​school health care in Europe is to preserve and promote the health of children in educational institutions as early as possible and sustainably. School health nurse (School Nurses) increase the health literacy of children and later adults. School Nurses' initiatives not only support school children, but also their social environment. In the long term, the activities of School Nurses can reduce health expenditure.

history

Before modern school health care appeared, there were the first modern approaches to school health teaching or school hygiene with Johann Amos Comenius and Joseph Furrtenbach the Elder. J., who already addressed school room hygiene aspects such as brightness, cleanliness and adequate ventilation of the rooms in the 17th century. At the end of the 18th century, Johann Michael Steiner also called for a hygienic control of schools with regard to indoor climate, lighting and cleanliness in order to prevent the spread of epidemics. Discussions about school hygiene, led by medical professionals, were not carried out on a larger scale until the 1830s. The main aspects of health care in schools between 1920 and 1930 were the control of epidemics and the reduction of the risk of infection. School hygiene topics of the Third Reich were above all physical exercise, health theory with racial hygiene and genetic health care.

School Health Care Today

School health care international

Internationally, school health workers or school (health) nurses have been primarily responsible for children's health in schools for decades. The qualification of School Nurses consists of basic training in health and nursing , which is usually followed by academic training (Master's degree). School nurses act as the first point of contact and confidante for health issues of school children and their parents and teachers. If necessary, you will pass on to other professional groups within and outside the multi-professional school team. The promotion of school health care can also be seen in German-speaking countries. The increase in all-day schools, education centers, migration and inclusion and the increase in chronically ill children in the school system require new solutions and health professionals in schools. In Brandenburg / Hessen (DE), after a feasibility study, a pilot project for school health care was carried out between 2016 and 2018. A pilot project for school health care has been in implementation in Lucerne (Switzerland) since 2018. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends expanding school health care and, in 2014, worked together to create a skills profile for school nurses.

School health care in Austria

In the course of the amendment to the Health and Nursing Act (GuKG) in 2016, new (core) areas of competence were created for the professional group of the senior service for health and nursing (DGKP) in 2016, which go hand in hand with an expansion of the original field of activity. The basic training in health and nursing takes place accordingly at technical colleges and universities; Academic specializations for DGKP are offered in the areas of child and youth care, nephrology, intensive anesthesia, leadership and management, in teaching, etc. Core competencies in health promotion and prevention enable DGKP to create new and independent areas of responsibility that are already legally anchored, for example in family and school health care.

The restructuring of school health care is currently being discussed in Austria. The inadequate health care of school children in Austria has been criticized by health and education experts for years. The Education Reform Act of 2017 leaves some fundamental questions about professional care in school health care open. School health teams, consisting of various health professions such as B. School doctors, health and nursing staff, school psychologists and school social workers are to be implemented at some school locations based on international models in order to improve the health care of school children as well as their parents and teachers.

tasks

The nursing tasks in the field of school health care include:

  1. First aid
  2. Contact person, person of trust and mediator with regard to health issues for school children, their parents and teachers
  3. Nursing and medical care for school children
  4. and advising children, their parents and teachers on health issues
  5. Plan and organize health promotion and preventive measures in schools (health workshops, lectures, ...)
  6. Annual, periodic and case-by-case health check-ups (screenings e.g. dental health, visual and hearing impairments, obesity, vaccination rate ...)
  7. Health data collection
  8. Containment of infectious diseases (hygiene measures, ...)

The medical tasks in school health care include in particular:

  1. Medical serial examinations (especially on the occasion of starting school and leaving school )
  2. dental examinations
  3. medical consultation hours for parents, students and teachers
  4. health care measures for schoolchildren (especially prevention )
  5. Advising teachers on health care issues
  6. Participation in the fight against communicable diseases

Performing tasks

The tasks of school health care are usually performed by the (lower) health authorities ( health authorities ) and their specialist department, the so-called “ Child and Youth Health Service ” ( KJGD ). These should work together with the schools and the parents ( legal guardians ).

In North Rhine-Westphalia, a school doctor is appointed for every school by the health department (Section 54 (2) SchulG).

Powers

As part of the performance of the tasks - if necessary - measures according to the Infection Protection Act can also be taken. For example, pupils whose remaining in school poses a specific risk to the health of others can be permanently or temporarily excluded from lessons (in NRW according to Section 54 (4) sentence 1 SchulG). Such a measure is particularly suitable for infectious diseases (e.g. pandemic , measles , head lice ).

Literature (selection)

  • Alfred Bauer: School Health Care. Munich 1905.
  • Theodor Becker: Air and exercise for health care in schools. Frankfurt am Main 1867.
  • Max Kleese: The tasks of the school in the fight against tuberculosis. Hanover 1950.
  • Rudolf Virchow : About certain health-detrimental influences in schools. Vrchows Arch. Pathol. Anat. 46 (1869), pp. 447-470.
  • Friedrich-August Weber and Friedrich Lehnert (eds.): School health care. Dresden 1925.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ina Borup, Bjorn Holstein: Self-reported symptoms and outcome of health promotion at school: crosssectional study of 11-15 year olds. In: Nordic Journal for Nursing Research. Volume: 28. 2nd edition 32-36, 2008. Online: journals.sagepub.com
  2. Jump up ↑ Wang Li Yan, Mary Vernon-Smiley, Mary Ann Gapinski, Marie Desisto, Erin Maughan, Anne Sheetz: Cost-benefit study of school nursing services. Abstract JAMA Pediatr. 2014. Online: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  3. ^ Johann Michael Steiner: Speech about the bad school buildings as one of the main obstacles of the German school system. Joseph Zangl, Munich 1796.
  4. ↑ H.-P. Michael Freyer: On the history of school hygiene. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 21, 2002, pp. 349-372; here: pp. 349–351.
  5. ↑ H.-P. Michael Freyer: On the history of school hygiene. Würzburg medical history reports 21 (2002), pp. 349–372; Pp. 356-359.
  6. ↑ Jutta Schmidt: This is how you stay healthy! Health education in visual media from 1900 to 1950. Essen 1995 (= pedagogy in the Blue Owl, 28), pp. 9-13.
  7. ↑ Möller Ingrid (2015): Extract from the feasibility study on the innovation concept for school care workers in public schools in the state of Brandenburg, summary of the results
  8. ↑ RIS (2019): BGBL 2016 GuKG amendment
  9. ↑ Andrea Gundolf: Public Health in School - a task of school nurses, to strengthen children's and public health. R&D SOURCE. Online Journal for Research and Education Issue 11, April 2019, ISSN  2313-1640 Online: journal.ph-noe.ac.at
  10. ↑ Walter Leiss: Interdisciplinary teams would be the best solution in schools.
  11. ↑ Gundolf Andrea (2017): The Schoolnurse and their competencies - an enrichment for the primary school system. Online: https://www.ktn.gv.at/www.ktn.gv.at ›European grant ... Master's thesis - Province of Carinthia