school enrollment
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As enrollment recording of a child in a school, in particular in which is primary school understood.
Germany
Usually, the starting age in Germany is between 5 and 7 years, depending on the country . As a rule, a child who has reached the age of six by a special date (depending on the country between June 30 and September 30) of a calendar year must go to school on the next possible date. It is then compulsory . In most countries and in many European countries, children undergo a medical examination before they start school.
Parents are at liberty to apply for earlier school enrollment for a child born after the respective cut-off date, if they are fit for school . There are different procedures for deferring in the individual countries.
Recently, in the debate about the PISA studies, there have been considerations of lowering the school age to 5 years, which has already happened in some countries. In other countries, this is currently being gradually brought forward several months in the course of a multi-year transitional arrangement. In some countries there is the possibility of a flexible school entry phase , whereby the productivity and maturity of the individual child is better taken into account.
The dates for registering at primary schools are also not standardized. Registrations are possible well before the summer holidays, in other federal states the dates for school enrollment are in the summer holidays.
The right of parents to have a say in school choice is regulated differently in the individual federal states. Sometimes there are fixed school districts (also called school districts ) where attendance at a certain regular school is compulsory, depending on where you live , sometimes there is a completely free choice of school (possibly also across municipal boundaries).
Age at school in the countries
| country | Age at least | Deadline |
|---|---|---|
| Baden-Württemberg | 6Y 2M ** | June 30th (from 20/21) |
| Bavaria | 6Y 2M ** | Corridor from July 1st to
30. September |
| Berlin | 5Y 11M ** (5Y 5M **) | September 30th March 31st (on request) |
| Brandenburg | 5Y 11M ** | 30. September |
| Bremen | 6Y 1M * | June 30th |
| Hamburg | 6Y 2M ** | June 30th |
| Hesse | 6Y 1M * | June 30th |
| Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania | 6Y 2M ** | June 30th |
| Lower Saxony | 6Y 1M * | Corridor from July 1st to
30. September |
| North Rhine-Westphalia | 5Y 10M * | 30. September |
| Rhineland-Palatinate | 5Y 11M * | August 31 |
| Saarland | 6Y 1M * | June 30th |
| Saxony | 6Y 1M * | June 30th |
| Saxony-Anhalt | 6Y 1M * | June 30th |
| Schleswig-Holstein | 6Y 2M ** | June 30th |
| Thuringia | 6Y * | August 1st |
The table takes into account that the end of the summer vacation varies between countries. The above The minimum age for school enrollment is calculated assuming that enrollment takes place on August 1st * or September 1st **.
Number of enrollments
In the school year 2000/2001 around 812,000 children in Germany started school in the first grade. In the 2010/2011 school year, only 707,500 children were enrolled in school due to the demographic development, compared to 721,000 in 2016/2017. The long-term demographic trend towards decline was slowed at least temporarily by the positive birth trend since 2010 and the strong immigration in the years 2014 to 2016.
In 2016/2017, 90% of the first graders started school on time; almost 8% were late and 3% started school early. Of the late school children, 62% were boys. Of the children who started school early, however, 60% were girls.
Customs for school enrollment
The school cone is only common in German-speaking countries. This is usually filled with candy and / or small gifts by the legal guardian. It is only opened at home. In some regions the school cone is made in kindergarten or at home with the parents, in other regions the school cone is bought ready-made.
After the first day of school you are usually photographed with a school bag and a school bag . It is a common custom for the child to stand in front of or next to a blackboard. The place, the date and the words "my first day of school" are written on the board.
The first day of school is celebrated in most schools. This can include:
- an ecumenical schooling service
- a performance by the 3rd / 4th Classes
- solemn departure of the new students under the guidance of the new class teacher from the auditorium or break hall into the classrooms.
In the east of the Federal Republic in particular, it is customary to prepare for school enrollment through the sugar cone festival while still in kindergarten . In Saxony-Anhalt, it is customary to start school on the Monday after school starts (school starts after the summer holidays on Thursday) and to celebrate “school entrance” on the Saturday in between. This is usually celebrated in the receiving school, followed by many family celebrations in private.
France
Switzerland
Since education is a matter for the cantons , school enrollment is also regulated by the cantons . In Aargau, for example, children who have reached the age of six by April 30 must attend school as soon as possible.
In the case of insufficient maturity, compulsory schooling can be postponed accordingly; if you are particularly talented, you can apply to start school earlier.
Depending on the municipality or canton, there is a year of schooling for weaker children that can be inserted before the regular first school year.
United States
In the USA , where most children attend some form of preschool program before starting school (day care, preschool, head start ), families do not see a child's entry into primary school as a drastic event to the same extent as in German-speaking families Countries. As a result, special customs for school enrollment are rarely widespread. They are replaced by the customs that American families observe at the beginning of each new school year, such as shopping for new clothes, new pens, etc.
A compulsory education such. B. in Germany does not exist in the United States, there is a so-called compulsory education . Accordingly, the parents can decide for themselves whether to send their child to school or, for example, to send them to school. B. teach in the form of homeschooling . Compulsory education begins at the age of 6, and usually starts at the age of five, when the children enter the kindergarten level of elementary school .
Since there is no registration requirement in the United States, it is up to the legal guardians to register their children in a school of their choice on their own initiative. The prerequisites for school enrollment include a psychological aptitude test, a pediatrician health certificate and proof of the national vaccinations for children .
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ https://www.landtag-bw.de/home/aktuelles/pressemitteilungen/2019/juli/692019.html
- ↑ BayEUG: Bavarian Law on Education and Instruction (BayEUG) as published on May 31, 2000 (GVBl. P. 414, 632) BayRS 2230-1-1-K (Art. 1–123) - Citizen Service . Retrieved July 8, 2019 .
- ↑ berlin.de ( Memento of the original from April 9, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ berlin.de ( Memento of the original from April 9, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ studienkreis.de
- ↑ studienkreis.de
- ↑ studienkreis.de
- ↑ Hessian School Act, Section 58 (1)
- ↑ studienkreis.de
- ↑ https://www.mk.niedersachsen.de/startseite/schule/schuelerinnen_und_schueler_eltern/informationen-zur-flexibilisierung-des-einschulungsstichtages-162456.html
- ↑ schulministerium.nrw.de ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ studienkreis.de
- ↑ studienkreis.de
- ↑ studienkreis.de
- ↑ studienkreis.de
- ↑ studienkreis.de
- ↑ studienkreis.de
- ^ Education reporting , group of authors (ed.) (2018): Education in Germany 2018. An indicator-based report with an analysis of the effects and benefits of education. wbv: Bielefeld. [1] (PDF) Education Report 2018
- ↑ Federal Statistical Office (Destatis). Schools at a glance. Edition 2018. [2] (PDF) Schools at a Glance 2018
- ↑ ag.ch ( Memento of the original dated December 21, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
