School cone

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Little Bertha goes carefully down the stairs so as not to endanger her sugar cone. From: New sugar cone book (1859)
First day of school in 1953
First day of school
Child with a sugar cone in the first half of the 1930s

A school bag (in some parts of Germany also Zuckertüte called) is usually an existing paperboard container in the form of a cornet ( conical or in the form of a pyramid on a hexagonal base), the graders for enrollment carrying. The custom of giving school bags to school beginners when they start school has been cultivated in Germany since the 19th century and has since spread to Austria.

history

There is early evidence of the custom of giving children a school cone when they start school, mainly from Saxony and Thuringia. The earliest reference to date comes from the autobiography of the pastor's son Karl Gottlieb Bretschneider, who started school in Gersdorf near Hohenstein-Ernstthal in Saxony in 1781 or 1782 ; he wrote that he received a sugar bag from the schoolmaster. Twenty years later it is said about the enrollment of Johann Daniel Elster, who started school in Benshausen, Thuringia, in 1801 , that he received a large sugar bag from the cantor "according to old custom". Further evidence comes from Jena (1817), Dresden (1820) and Leipzig (1836). There the children used to be told that a school cone tree was growing in the teacher's house, and if the school cones were big enough, then it would be high time to start school.

Some attribute the sweet gifts at the beginning of school to the custom of the Jewish communities to give sweet biscuits to children at the beginning of their Torah-oriented school life as a reminder of the Psalm verse "Your word is sweeter than honey in my mouth" ( Psalm 119 ) . The state rabbi of Württemberg , Netanel Wurmser , considers the fact that the invention of the school cone was based on a Jewish custom to be a “daring hypothesis”.

Erich Kästner describes in his childhood memories When I was a little boy his first day of school in Dresden in 1906 and his "sugar bag with the silk ribbon". When he wanted to show the bag to a neighbor, he dropped it and the contents fell on the floor: It was "up to the ankles in sweets, pralines, dates, Easter bunnies, figs, oranges, tartlets, waffles and golden cockchafer".

School cones must first be proven in places in central Germany. Berlin was the first major city outside of the original areas in which school cones - which were rare before the First World War, however - became common. Only gradually did the custom gain acceptance in the south and west. At first it was the godparents who presented the bag. Today it is mostly the parents who give their children the school cones, which are rarely made by themselves, to take them to school. Even if a research of the program with the mouse came to the result that the custom of the school cone had only spread in West Germany after 1950, more detailed research revealed much earlier data: school cones from Kassel have been documented since 1907; To this day, school cones are mainly known in Germany and Austria. In Austria, the custom, which originated in the Protestant area, was only introduced during the Nazi era . A second wave did not come until the 1950s when the population became somewhat wealthier again. There is no such tradition in Switzerland; On average, around one child per class came with a bag in 2015, primarily from children of German immigrants.

Today, small bags of sugar are sometimes handed over at the transition from primary school to secondary school or at the start of training or studies. However, they are still primarily associated with starting school.

to form

After the division of Germany, hexagonal school cones with a length of 85 cm were established in the GDR, while the traditional round cones (mostly 70 cm long) were preferred in the West.

The school cones are mostly filled with sweets and with small gifts such as colored pencils or other school supplies. The name “sugar cone”, which is common in some areas, comes from filling with sweets.

The school cones, if they are not made by the parents, are bought ready-made or are made by the children themselves in the kindergarten .

Economic

The largest manufacturer of school cones in Germany is Nestler Feinkartonagen GmbH in Ehrenfriedersdorf ( Erzgebirge ). It produces over two million school cones per year.

  • unpacked school cone

See also

literature

  • Hans-Günter Löwe: Back to school. A contribution to the history of the school cone. Edition Freiberg, Dresden 2014, ISBN 978-3-943377-28-6

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hans-Günter Löwe: Back to school. A contribution to the history of the school cone. Edition Freiberg, Dresden 2014, ISBN 978-3-943377-28-6 , p. 19 with note 15.
  2. ^ Hans-Günter Löwe: Back to school. A contribution to the history of the school cone. Edition Freiberg, Dresden 2014, ISBN 978-3-943377-28-6 , pp. 20-21 with note 17.
  3. ↑ Jena Municipal Museums: Back to School and Zuckertüte , exhibition 2010
  4. ↑ Sweet things to start school in: Jüdische Allgemeine from August 5, 2010 (accessed December 6, 2012).
  5. ^ Hans-Günter Löwe: Back to school. A contribution to the history of the school cone. Edition Freiberg, Dresden 2014, ISBN 978-3-943377-28-6 , pp. 84-89.
  6. ↑ Research: Editing of the "Sendung mit der Maus" ARD and "Ask a question the mouse" Editing Jörg Pilawa's production company, broadcast on August 30, 2008, 8:15 pm ARD.
  7. ^ "Hessische Allgemeine" edition of September 17, 2010, "Aunt Frieda was so bold. Result of the HNA reader campaign: Zuckertüte has been part of schooling since at least 1912" and edition of September 29, 2010, "First Zuckertüte already 1907. Frieda Hammerich, née Böhringer, is the winner of our campaign ", each in the Kassel local section, photographic evidence was found for the years 1907, 1912, 1917, 1918, 1921, 1927 and 1931.
  8. ↑ Heike Deckert-Peaceman: The custom of the sugar cone as a medium. In: Heike de Boer, Heike Deckert-Peaceman, Kristin Westphal (eds.): Irritations - Alienations - Disengagement. Questions to primary school research. (= Frankfurt Contributions to Educational Science Volume 13) Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Books on Demand, 2011 ISBN 978-3-9813388-5-0 , pp. 61–78, here: p. 67.
  9. ↑ The Schultüte and where it comes from in the Oberösterreichische Nachrichten of September 7, 2019, accessed on September 8, 2019
  10. ↑ Kathrin Klette: The school cone finds its way into Switzerland . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . August 17, 2015, ISSN  0376-6829 ( nzz.ch [accessed on August 13, 2018]).
  11. ^ Hans-Günter Löwe: Back to school. A contribution to the history of the school cone. Edition Freiberg, Dresden 2014, ISBN 978-3-943377-28-6 , p. 76.
  12. ↑ The giant school cone (FTD Online). Archived from the original on September 10, 2011 ; Retrieved October 18, 2010 .

Web links

Commons : Schultüte  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Schultüte  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations