Schurf

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Schurf or prospecting is a term used in miners' language and geotechnical engineering .

Mining

It means searching for and finding mineral and ore deposits . During the digging, a so-called digging trench is created to explore the deposit that is “striking” directly below the surface of the earth . In mining terms, one also speaks of muten . A guess is the assertion on the prospect.

The term is now rarely used and was the term prospecting (ger .: prospecting replaced).

Colloquially, one also speaks of “digging for gold” and then mostly means panning for gold .

Geotechnics

In geotechnical engineering, a dig is a pit for extracting material from a shallow depth in order to explore the structure of the soil . The material removed can be classified in the laboratory (see soil classification ). The soil layers or horizons can be seen on the debris walls , as well as the possible influence of backwater .

The dimensions of pits and their depths can reach several meters; a typical size is 1 m × 1 m × 1 m. The dimensions depend u. a. on the stability of the embankments and the exploration goal. A trench can be dug by hand with a shovel or with an excavator . The soil samples taken can be disturbed or undisturbed depending on the intended use. Certain tools are used for undisturbed samples (for example sample cylinders ). In the case of large grain sizes, the gypsum process, the freezing process and the block removal process can be used for removal.

The correct taking of samples from pits is regulated in DIN 4220 and in the Soil Science Mapping Instructions .

Geological drilling is required for the exploration of deeper soil layers .

literature

  • DIN 4021: subsoil. Digestion through prospecting and drilling as well as taking samples. Berlin 1990 (invalid since January 2007).
  • DIN 4220: Soil-scientific site assessment - marking, classification and derivation of soil parameters (normative and nominal scaling). Berlin 1998.
  • Soil science mapping instructions, 5th edition (KA 5), Hanover 2005

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