Swabian sweeping week
Swabian or Wuerttemberg Kehrwoche is the regional name for the regular cleaning of communal areas in single-family and multi-party houses and of areas such as house entrances, forecourt and sidewalks and streets in the area of the former Württemberg .
According to tradition, cleaning takes place on a weekly basis and takes place on Saturday afternoon in preparation for Sunday. It used to be based on decrees that , like in other countries, were issued in Württemberg cities from the end of the 15th century to urge people to be tidy and tidy.
history
In 1492 the sovereign decreed for the city of Stuttgart: "So that the city is kept clean, everyone should take out their rubbish every week."
In 1714, the Stuttgart city law once again stipulated that the city had to be kept clean in a 30-point “Gassensäuberungsverordnung”, this time including the weekly removal of manure and removal of “rubbish”, especially faeces. The discharge of feces directly onto the street was no longer allowed. If there was no pit, they had to be carried to the Nesenbach every night , which was also used to dispose of slaughterhouse waste and other waste. A new creation of "angles" (between two houses) was prohibited. With this regulation, Stuttgart joined other cities in Germany and Europe. The main aim was to reduce the health risk from epidemics such as typhus and cholera and to reduce unpleasant smells. Stuttgart had a particular problem with cleanliness because there was no major river that facilitated waste disposal and the hygienic problem of separating waste water, washing water and drinking water.
In 1740 the street cleaning regulations were updated. The residents had to sweep the streets twice a week, regardless of their status.
The Road Police Order of 1811 stipulated that “no one was exempt from the obligation to have their house cleaned”. The homeowner was obliged "to clean up his house as often as required."
The sweeping week as part of the municipal regulations with the requirement to sweep "at least once a week" (Paragraph 4) was abolished in Stuttgart on December 17, 1988. From January 13th, the new ordinance only required that the sidewalks be cleaned when they are dirty, that is, cleaning “when necessary” is subject to discretion.
Dispute over the abolition
The abolition of the weekly compulsory republic in Stuttgart was discussed controversially in the population in 1988. Part of the Stuttgart population regretted the abolition and saw public order and the cleanliness of the city at risk.
Current legal situation in Baden-Württemberg
As in Germany as a whole, there is no public-law obligation to carry out house cleaning at certain intervals or on certain days. The assumption of the existence of customary law is also erroneous. The obligation to clean can be regulated in the whole of Germany by the rental contract and the house rules under private law. However, the liability for the cleanliness and freedom from snow of access roads and sidewalks lies with the property owner; the execution of the work can be contractually transferred to a caretaker or to the tenants or co-owners. The evacuation and littering obligation is part of the traffic safety obligation . Part of the citizens' originally private duties are paid for by the public municipal trucking and cleaning offices.
The Road Act for Baden-Württemberg in the version of the announcement of May 11, 1992 stipulates in § 41 the lighting, cleaning, clearing and littering obligations, according to which the municipalities are responsible
"Within the scope of what is reasonable as a public-law obligation to illuminate and clean streets within the closed local area including the through-roads, to clear them in the event of snow accumulations and to sprinkle them with snow or ice, insofar as this is required for police reasons; this also applies to through-town traffic on federal highways. The use of de-icing salts and other agents that can have an environmentally harmful effect must be kept as low as possible. Insofar as through-roads are not part of the road construction burden of the municipalities, the road construction authorities support the municipalities to the best of their ability in fulfilling the obligations arising from sentence 1 for snow removal and sprinkling; The municipalities do not charge any costs. "
Similar to the Stuttgart revision of the statute on cleaning, clearing and sprinkling of the sidewalks, most municipalities in Baden-Württemberg and other federal states transfer these obligations to the residents. The scope of the cleaning obligation is defined as follows:
§ 4 Scope of the duty to clean (1) The cleaning of the sidewalks and the other areas mentioned in § 3 includes the removal of pollution caused by normal use or otherwise, in particular the removal of dirt, rubbish and leaves. It is to be carried out as required. The cleaning also extends to the unpaved areas around the street trees in the sidewalk area.
Today's implementation
Even today you can sometimes find a sign with the words Kehrwoche in bold in apartment buildings , which is to be hung on the apartment door of the tenant responsible for the Kehrwoche. This means that roommates, guests and property managers always have an overview of who is responsible for any deficiencies in the cleaning. Sometimes there are also permanently attached boards (usually in the entrance area) on which the names of the house residents are assigned to a week (e.g. "1st week of the month: Miller; 2nd week: Smith" etc.).
A distinction is also often made between a small cleaning week , which regulates the cleaning of the hallway and stairwell between apartments on one floor, and the large cleaning week , which is used to describe the cleaning of the pavement . Outside of Württemberg, this corresponds to the distinction between “small house rules ” and “large house rules”.
Not only apartment buildings are swept, but also single-family houses, especially in the country. The swept areas include the area around the church and cemetery and public spaces.
Role of the Kehrwoche in the Swabian discourse
The project group "Schwabenbilder" of the Ludwig-Uhland Institute for Empirical Cultural Studies at the University of Tübingen has worked out that in the construction of the Swabian national character in the 19th century, behind which, similar to the Baden discourse, stands the monarchical need to unite the heterogeneous parts of the country and to bring about a feeling of togetherness, positive characteristics play a role that were generally ascribed to the Germans. The Swabian appeared as the "potentiated German", as the "most German of the Germans" ( attributed to Arndt ).
Werner Unseld sees the pietistic church discipline behind certain characteristics, such as the frugality of the population of old Württemberg , which was also enforced by the state church regiment from 1534 to 1850. The moral court of the church convents, controlled by the monarchy, and an extensive network of informers and informers played a decisive role. The cleanliness through cleaning and sweeping, on the other hand, emerged rather late in the history of mentality and does not seem to have a direct origin in the pietistic belief, rather the way in which this relatively new "passion" is implemented, the meaning of which is seen in hygiene and aesthetics.
The pietistic faith is also favored by the cultural character of the population, which is determined by the real division and the resulting compulsion to use limited resources sparingly.
Cleaning is sometimes extended to the "Swabian virtue triad" with saving and creating: "Schaffensparenputzen".
Anecdotal
In her rather humorous volume "Von Viertelesschlotzern und Maultaschenessern", Ann-Kathrin Bauer shows that in the period between 1871 and 1918 , when Alsace-Lorraine was part of the German Empire , attempts were made to establish the Swabian Kehrwoche there as well. In Alsace , German - or supposedly German - idiosyncrasies are still jokingly or pejoratively referred to as "Swabian stuff". In Upper Swabia, too, the Kehrwoche should not have fully established itself.
literature
- Andreas Reichert : The Swabian Kehrwoche , ISBN 3925185038
- Wolfgang Brenneisen , Peter Ruge : Scolds and laughs about the Kehrwoche . Drw, 2003. ISBN 3871814903
- Christoph Sonntag , Gerhard Drexel : Swabian popular errors. A lexicon . Edition Q, 2006. ISBN 3861246031
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Stuttgarter Zeitung: The public sweeping week is abolished - from time to time. (No longer available online.) In: www.vonzeitzuzeit.de. Archived from the original on May 22, 2016 ; accessed on May 22, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Stuttgarter Zeitung: From time to time: The Kehrwoche: Rommel abolishes the public Kehrwoche in Stuttgart. In: stuttgarter-zeitung.de. Retrieved May 22, 2016 .
- ↑ Municipal winter service and urban cleaning: valuable information and lectures
- ^ Juris GmbH: Landesrecht BW § 41 StrG | State standard Baden-Württemberg | - Lighting, cleaning, clearing and littering obligations | Road Act for Baden-Württemberg (Road Act - StrG) in the version of the announcement ... | Proof of text from: 01/01/2005. In: www.landesrecht-bw.de. Retrieved May 22, 2016 .
- ↑ State capital Stuttgart: New version of the statute on cleaning, clearing and sprinkling the sidewalks in Stuttgart
- ↑ a b Ludwig-Uhland-Institute for Empirical Cultural Studies at the University of Tübingen, project group ?? Schwabenbilder ??: Schwabenbilder - On the construction of a regional character , at tvv-verlag.de
- ↑ a b Anne-Kathrin Bauer: From Viertelesschlotzern and Maultaschenessern: Pleasurable things from the broom economy around the Swabian way of life . TWENTYSIX, 2015, ISBN 978-3-7407-0867-2 ( google.com [accessed May 21, 2016]).
