Vomiting
As pregnancy vomiting ( emesis gravidarum ) is vomiting in early pregnancy referred that occurs especially in the morning and of malaise and nausea can be accompanied. The clinically important form, hyperemesis gravidarum , can occur in 0.5 to 1% of all cases . It is not possible to draw an exact line between the two clinical pictures, the transition is fluid. Particularly severe nausea can indicate a mole of bladder .
The cause of vomiting is unclear. It is believed that the pregnancy-maintaining hormone hCG plays a role in the development. The production of hCG begins around 24 hours after fertilization in the ovary. In the first weeks of pregnancy, the hCG concentration in the blood increases steadily, the maximum is reached between the eighth and twelfth week of pregnancy. After that, the concentration drops because the placenta no longer needs the hormone production from the ovary once it has matured to the point where it can produce the pregnancy-maintaining hormones itself. As a result, nausea associated with pregnancy improves.
Drug therapy is not recommended. It is often felt to be helpful to distribute the food intake over several small meals throughout the day and to avoid caffeinated and carbonated drinks. An analysis of the food components showed that vomiting was correlated with regional diets that were characterized by a low consumption of grain and a high intake of sugar, oil plants, alcohol and meat.
Acupuncture and acupressure as well as, with great reluctance, drugs (e.g. antihistamines ) can be used to treat vomiting . A meta-study from 2006 examined the effects of various methods of stimulating acupuncture points on morning sickness and vomiting in pregnant women. The evaluation of 14 studies carried out over the past 16 years showed that nausea could be reduced by more than 50% and vomiting by around 40%.
The IGeL-Monitor of the MDS ( Medical Service of the Central Association of Health Insurance Funds ) evaluated the more recent study situation in 2016 and rated acupuncture for pregnancy symptoms and for birth preparation as "unclear". The systematic literature search did not reveal any evidence of a medical benefit, but also no evidence of harm. There were indeed effects in favor of acupuncture, but these effects were consistently small and not found in all studies. In addition, the results are not very reliable due to the often poor quality of the studies.
In addition, ginger as tea, capsules or directly relieves nausea.
Individual evidence
- ^ GV Pepper, S. Craig Roberts: Rates of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and dietary characteristics across populations. In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B 273 (1601), 2006 Oct, pp. 2675-2679. PMID 17002954
- ↑ RJ Helmreich, SY Shiao, LS Dune: Meta-analysis of acustimulation effects on nausea and vomiting in pregnant women. In: Explore (NY). 2 (5), 2006 Sep-Oct, pp. 412-421. PMID 16979105
- ↑ IGeL-Monitor: Acupuncture in Pregnancy , accessed on January 14, 2019. More on the justification for the assessment in "" Evidence in detail " , accessed on January 30, 2019.
- ↑ Acupressure and ginger relieve pregnancy sickness. ( Memento of December 13, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
literature
- Mylonas, Gingelmaier, Kainer: Vomiting during pregnancy. In: Dtsch Arztebl. 104 (25), 2007, pp. A-1821 / B-1604 / C-1544
- JD Quinla, DA Hill: Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. In: Am Fam Physician. 68 (1), 2003 Jul 1, pp. 121-128. Review. PMID 12887118
- P. Sheehan: Hyperemesis gravidarum - assessment and management. In: Aust Fam Physician. 36 (9), 2007 Sep, pp. 698-701. Review. PMID 17885701
- MF Verberg, DJ Gillott, N. Al-Fardan, JG Grudzinskas: Hyperemesis gravidarum, a literature review. In: Hum Reprod Update . 11 (5), 2005 Sep-Oct, pp. 527-539. Epub 2005 Jul 8th Review. PMID 16006438
