Black-bellied woodpecker

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Black-bellied woodpecker
Systematics
Order : Woodpecker birds (Piciformes)
Family : Woodpeckers (Picidae)
Subfamily : Real woodpeckers (Picinae)
Genre : Dryocopus
Type : Black-bellied woodpecker
Scientific name
Dryocopus schulzii
( Cabanis , 1883)

The black-bodied woodpecker ( Dryocopus schulzii , Syn. : Hylatomus schulzii ) is a species of bird from the family of woodpeckers (Picidae). The relatively small distribution area is restricted to central southern South America and includes western Paraguay , northern central Argentina and southern Bolivia . The black-bellied woodpecker inhabits the dry woodland and savannas of the Gran Chaco and its transitions to medium-humid mountain forests with Tipuana ssp. and alders . Almost nothing is known about the way of life of the species. The black-bellied woodpecker has apparently always been rare. At least in Argentina, the population has declined sharply due to habitat destruction and is likely to continue to decline. The black-bellied woodpecker is therefore classified by the IUCN as a type of the warning list ("near threatened").

description

The black-bellied woodpecker resembles the black-bellied woodpecker , which is also native to Central Europe , but is considerably smaller and the coloration differs significantly. They are medium-sized woodpeckers with a long and stiff tail that curves forward towards the tip and a pronounced feather hood. The beak is long, straight, slightly chisel-shaped and pointed and broad at the base. The body length is 29-30 cm; they are thus slightly smaller than a green woodpecker . Information on weight is not available. The species shows a not very clear sexual dimorphism in terms of coloration .

In males, the entire top of the trunk, including the rump, is solid black. The shoulder feathers are also black in most individuals of the southern population. In most of the northern population, however, the outer flags of the shoulder feathers are partly white and thus form a white wing band. The upper wings are largely black, the wings show white bases and occasionally the wing bow shows a whitish edge. The control feathers are black on the top, the keels clearly set off in white. In the fresh plumage, the control feathers can also have white tips. The entire underside of the fuselage is brownish black. For this reason, many individuals show a narrow, indistinct yellowish banding on the lower abdomen and lower flanks, which in rare cases can also extend to the upper flanks and the entire abdomen. The underside of the wings is blackish, the axillary feathers and the under wing-coverts are whitish. The underhand blankets show an irregular black spot of variable size, which can also be completely absent. The underside of the control springs is also blackish.

The forehead, top and back of the head and the long bonnet are bright red, occasionally some white feather bases can be seen here. The upper rein region is strikingly yellowish beige. The ear covers are pale gray and often spotted white. They are limited at the top by a very narrow white stripe over the eyes that is barely visible in the field. A wide white band stretches from the lower rein region to the rear over the lower ear covers, widens at the rear edge and then runs over the sides of the neck to the base of the wings. The red streak of beard turns into black under the ear covers and then runs to the black chest. The rest of the back of the head and the sides of the neck are otherwise black, as is the nape of the neck. The chin and upper throat are white to grayish white, occasionally with very fine brown or blackish dots.

Females usually have a blackish lower forehead and the anterior skull is occasionally spotted white. The beard streak is black.

The beak is light ivory-whitish with a darker ridge and a darker base. The legs and toes are dark gray. The iris is deep brown to reddish brown, the eye ring blackish.

Vocalizations

The most frequent call is a loud “wic wic wic wic wic” . A hard rattling "ti-schrrr" can be heard much less often . The drum series consist of five to eight slowly successive beats, followed by a long drum roll of increasing frequency.

distribution and habitat

The relatively small distribution area is restricted to central southern South America and includes western Paraguay , northern central Argentina and southern Bolivia . The size of the total distribution area is estimated at 586,000 km².

The black-bellied woodpecker inhabits the dry woodland and savannas of the Gran Chaco and its transitions to medium-humid mountain forests with Tipuana ssp. and alders .

Systematics

No subspecies are recognized. According to Winkler et al. the black-bellied woodpecker forms a super species with the helmet woodpecker ( Dryocopus pileatus ) and the line woodpecker ( Dryocopus lineatus ).

Way of life

Almost nothing is known about the way of life of the species. Black-bellied woodpeckers are found singly, in pairs and occasionally as families of five to six individuals. The previously unknown food is apparently often obtained from trunks or strong branches by chopping, hammering and probing.

Reproduction takes place from October to November, possibly also until March. The caves are created in dead trees and wooden poles. Further information on the breeding biology is not yet available.

Existence and endangerment

Information on the size of the world population is not available. The black-bellied woodpecker has apparently always been rare. At least in Argentina, the population has declined sharply due to habitat destruction and is likely to continue to decline. The felling of the Quebracho trees ( Aspidosperma spp., Schinopsis quebracho-colorado ) and Prosopis ssp. for the extraction of charcoal , tannins and railway sleepers, the conversion into arable land or cattle pastures as well as the planting of plantations with non-native tree species.

The black-bellied woodpecker is therefore classified by the IUCN as a type of the warning list ("near threatened").

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b The black-bellied woodpecker at BirdLife International . Retrieved June 24, 2011.
  2. ↑ Hans Winkler, David A. Christie and David Nurney: Woodpeckers. A Guide to the Woodpeckers, Piculets, and Wrynecks of the World. Pica Press, Robertsbridge 1995: p. 340

literature

  • Hans Winkler , David A. Christie and David Nurney: Woodpeckers. A Guide to the Woodpeckers, Piculets, and Wrynecks of the World. Pica Press, Robertsbridge 1995, ISBN 0-395-72043-5 , pp. 132-133 and 340-341.

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