Real woodpeckers
| Real woodpeckers | ||||||||||
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Pallid Woodpecker ( Celeus elegans ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||
| Picinae | ||||||||||
| Leach , 1820 |
The real woodpeckers (Picinae) - also called support- tailed woodpeckers - are a subfamily of the woodpecker birds . This subfamily includes all European woodpecker species with the exception of the wryneck .
Systematics
The system is not uniform in all works. Some authors place the great spotted woodpecker ( Dendrocopos ) in the genus Picoides . More recent DNA investigations, however, suggest that an independent, somewhat narrower defined genus Dendrocopos is justified and that the other species of woodpecker assigned to Picoides are divided into two genera.
Recent genera
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Hemicircus - 2 types
- Round tail Specht ( hemicircus canente )
- Short-tailed woodpecker ( Hemicircus concretus )
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Blythipicus - 2 species
- Red- eared woodpecker ( Blythipicus pyrrhotis )
- Chestnut woodpecker ( Blythipicus rubiginosus )
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Chrysocolaptes - 2 species
- Golden-shouldered woodpecker ( Chrysocolaptes festivus )
- Sultan woodpecker ( Chrysocolaptes lucidus )
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Reinwardtipicus - 1 species
- Reinwardtspecht ( Reinwardtipicus validus )
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True banded woodpeckers ( Piculus ) - 7 species
- White- browed woodpecker ( Piculus aurulentus )
- Panama Woodpecker ( Piculus callopterus )
- Bronze Specht ( Piculus chrysochloros )
- Yellow-throated Woodpecker ( Piculus flavigula )
- White-throated Woodpecker ( Piculus leucolaemus )
- Litaspecht ( Piculus litae )
- Cinnamon-winged woodpecker ( Piculus simplex )
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Gold woodpeckers ( Colaptes ) - 12 species
- Gray-fronted woodpecker ( Colaptes atricollis )
- Golden Woodpecker ( Colaptes auratus ) - 8 subspecies
- Gray-capped woodpecker ( Piculus auricularis )
- Woodpecker ( Colaptes campestris )
- Desert gold woodpecker ( Colaptes chrysoides ) - 4 subspecies
- Cuban Woodpecker ( Colaptes fernandinae )
- Green-banded woodpecker ( Colaptes melanochloros )
- Banded woodpecker ( Colaptes pitius )
- Spotted-breasted woodpecker ( Colaptes punctigula )
- Red-mantled woodpecker ( Colaptes rivolii )
- Olive-mantled woodpecker ( Colaptes rubiginosus )
- Southern Woodpecker ( Colaptes rupicola )
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Celeus - 11 species
Cinnamon-headed woodpecker ( Celeus spectabilis )- Chestnut Woodpecker ( Celeus castaneus )
- Pallid Woodpecker ( Celeus elegans )
- Blond woodpecker ( Celeus flavescens )
- Straw woodpecker ( Celeus flavus )
- Yellow-flanked woodpecker ( Celeus grammicus )
- European red-throated woodpecker ( Celeus loricatus )
- Pale-headed woodpecker ( Celeus lugubris )
- Kaempferspecht ( Celeus obrieni )
- Cinnamon-headed woodpecker ( Celeus spectabilis )
- Black-breasted Woodpecker ( Celeus torquatus )
- Olive Woodpecker ( Celeus undatus )
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Dryocopus - 7 species
- Wave-eared Woodpecker ( Dryocopus galeatus )
- Andaman woodpecker ( Dryocopus hodgei )
- White-bellied woodpecker ( Dryocopus javensis )
- Line Woodpecker ( Dryocopus lineatus )
- Black Woodpecker ( Dryocopus martius )
- Helmet woodpecker ( Dryocopus pileatus )
- Black-bellied woodpecker ( Dryocopus schulzi )
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Mulleripicus - 3 species
- Celebes woodpecker ( Mulleripicus fulvus )
- Philippine woodpecker ( Mulleripicus funebris )
- Powder Woodpecker ( Mulleripicus pulverulentus )
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Chrysophlegm - 3 types
- Yellow-necked woodpecker ( Chrysophlegma flavinucha )
- Drip-throated woodpecker ( Chrysophlegma mental )
- Red red woodpecker ( Chrysophlegma miniaceum )
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Picus - 12 species
- Japanese green woodpecker ( Picus awokera )
- Gray woodpecker ( Picus canus )
- Yellow-crested woodpecker ( Picus chlorolophus )
- Red-rumped woodpecker ( Picus erythropygius )
- Red-winged woodpecker ( Picus puniceus )
- Collar Specht ( Picus rabieri )
- Scaled green woodpecker ( Picus squamatus )
- Atlas Green Woodpecker ( Picus vaillantii )
- Burma Green Woodpecker ( Picus viridanus )
- Green Woodpecker ( Picus viridis )
- Reticulated woodpecker ( Picus vittatus )
- Hindu Green Woodpecker ( Picus xanthopygaeus )
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Micropternus - 1 item
- Red chalk woodpecker ( Micropternus brachyurus )
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Meiglyptes - 3 types
- Dommel woodpecker ( Meiglyptes jugularis )
- Brown- rumped woodpecker ( Meiglyptes tristis )
- Tukki Woodpecker ( Meiglyptes tukki )
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Bamboo woodpeckers ( Gecinulus ) - 2 species
- Pale-crowned bamboo woodpecker ( Gecinulus grantia )
- Red-crowned bamboo woodpecker ( Gecinulus viridis )
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Dinopium - 4 types
Fire-backed woodpecker ( Dinopium javanense )- Orange Woodpecker ( Dinopium benghalense )
- Fire-backed woodpecker ( Dinopium javanense )
- Olive-backed woodpecker ( Dinopium rafflesii )
- Himalayan fire-backed woodpecker ( Dinopium shorii )
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Spotted woodpeckers ( Campethera ) - 11 species
Golden-tailed woodpecker ( Campethera abingoni )- Bennett's Woodpecker ( Campethera bennettii )
- Brown-eared woodpecker ( Campethera caroli )
- Golden-mantled woodpecker ( Campethera maculosa )
- Golden-tailed woodpecker ( Campethera abingoni )
- Throatbind woodpecker ( Campethera tullbergi )
- Knysnaspecht ( Campethera notata )
- Mombasaspecht ( Campethera mombassica )
- Nubian woodpecker ( Campethera nubica )
- Spotted Woodpecker ( Campethera punctuligera )
- Reichenow Woodpecker ( Campethera scriptoricauda )
- Termite Woodpecker ( Campethera nivosa )
- Spotted Woodpecker ( Campethera cailliautii )
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Geocolaptes - 1
item
- Common Woodpecker ( Geocolaptes olivaceus )
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Long-crested woodpeckers ( Campephilus ) - 11 species
- Blood-bellied Woodpecker ( Campephilus haematogaster )
- Guayaquil woodpecker ( Campephilus gayaquilensis )
- † Ivory woodpecker ( Campephilus principalis ) - probably extinct
- † Emperor Woodpecker ( Campephilus imperialis ) - probably extinct
- King Woodpecker ( Campephilus guatemalensis )
- Magellan Woodpecker ( Campephilus magellanicus )
- Red-necked Woodpecker ( Campephilus rubricollis )
- Scarlet-headed woodpecker ( Campephilus robustus )
- Black-throated Woodpecker ( Campephilus melanoleucos )
- White-mantled woodpecker ( Campephilus leucopogon )
- Cinnamon woodpecker ( Campephilus pollens )
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Melanerpes - 23 types
- Golden-fronted woodpecker ( Melanerpes aurifrons )
- Cactus woodpecker ( Melanerpes cactorum )
- White Woodpecker ( Melanerpes candidus )
- Carolina Specht ( Melanerpes carolinus )
- Great spotted woodpecker ( Melanerpes chrysauchen )
- Golden-cheeked woodpecker ( Melanerpes chrysogenys )
- Yellow-browed woodpecker ( Melanerpes cruentatus )
- Red-headed woodpecker ( Melanerpes erythrocephalus )
- Gold masked woodpecker ( Melanerpes flavifrons )
- Acorn woodpecker ( Melanerpes formicivorus )
- Guadeloupe woodpecker ( Melanerpes herminieri )
- Hoffmann Woodpecker ( Melanerpes hoffmannii )
- Gray-throated woodpecker ( Melanerpes hypopolius )
- Blood-faced woodpecker ( Melanerpes lewis )
- Scarlet- breasted Woodpecker ( Melanerpes portoricensis )
- Temporal spotted woodpecker ( Melanerpes pucherani )
- Ornamental woodpecker ( Melanerpes pulcher )
- Yucatan woodpecker ( Melanerpes pygmaeus )
- Jamaican Woodpecker ( Melanerpes radiolatus )
- Red capped woodpecker ( Melanerpes rubricapillus )
- Haitian woodpecker ( Melanerpes striatus )
- Bahama Woodpecker ( Melanerpes superciliaris )
- Gilaspecht ( Melanerpes uropygialis )
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Juice Lickers ( Sphyrapicus ) - 4 species
- Red-naped juice delicacies ( Sphyrapicus nuchalis )
- Fire head Saftlecker ( Sphyrapicus ruber )
- Pine sap tasty ( Sphyrapicus thyroideus )
- Yellow-bellied Juice Lick ( Sphyrapicus varius )
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Xiphidiopicus - 1 type
Blood spot woodpecker ( Xiphidiopicus percussus )- Blood spot woodpecker ( Xiphidiopicus percussus )
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Dendropicos - 15 species
- Juniper Woodpecker ( Dendropicos abyssinicus )
- Desert Woodpecker ( Dendropicos elachus )
- Elliot Woodpecker ( Dendropicos elliotii )
- Gabon Woodpecker ( Dendropicos gabonensis )
- Graubrust Specht ( Dendropicos goertae )
- Golden- backed woodpecker ( Dendropicos griseocephalus )
- Cardinal Woodpecker ( Dendropicos fuscescens )
- Dark Woodpecker ( Dendropicos lugubris )
- Namaspecht ( Dendropicos namaquus )
- Brown-backed woodpecker ( Dendropicos obsoletus )
- Specht drops ( Dendropicos poecilolaemus )
- Red-bellied woodpecker ( Dendropicos pyrrhogaster )
- Gray-headed woodpecker ( Dendropicos spodocephalus )
- Bull Ling Specht ( Dendropicos stierlingi )
- Vertebrate woodpecker ( Dendropicos xantholophus )
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Sapheopipo - 1 kind
- Okinawa woodpecker ( Sapheopipo noguchii )
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Hypopicus - 1 type
- Brown-throated woodpecker ( Hypopicus hyperythrus )
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Great spotted woodpeckers ( Dendrocopos ) - 22 species
- Arabian woodpecker ( Dendrocopos dorae )
- Blood woodpecker ( Dendrocopos syriacus )
- Brown-headed woodpecker ( Dendrocopos moluccensis )
- Dendrocopos nanus - is considered by some authors as a subspecies of the brown-tip woodpecker
- Brown end Specht ( Dendrocopos auriceps )
- Great Spotted Woodpecker ( Dendrocopos major )
- Darjeeling woodpecker ( Dendrocopos darjellensis )
- Yellow-crowned woodpecker ( Dendrocopos mahrattensis )
- Gray-headed woodpecker ( Dendrocopos canicapillus )
- Himalayan Woodpecker ( Dendrocopos himalayensis )
- Isabel Woodpecker ( Dendrocopos macei )
- Kizukispecht ( Dendrocopos kizuki )
- Little Woodpecker ( Dendrocopos minor )
- Middle Woodpecker ( Dendrocopos medius )
- Red-breasted woodpecker ( Dendrocopos cathpharius )
- Scopoli woodpecker ( Dendrocopos maculatus )
- Striped- breasted woodpecker ( Dendrocopos atratus )
- Tamarisk woodpecker ( Dendrocopos assimilis )
- Temminck woodpecker ( Dendrocopos temminckii )
- White-winged woodpecker ( Dendrocopos leucopterus )
- White-backed woodpecker ( Dendrocopos leucotos )
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Picoides - 11 species (probably 2 genera) :
- Bald Woodpecker ( Picoides albolarvatus )
- Black- backed woodpecker ( Picoides arcticus )
- Arizona Woodpecker ( Picoides arizonae ) - considered by some authors to be a subspecies of the Strickland woodpecker
- Cockade woodpecker ( Picoides borealis )
- Spruce Woodpecker ( Picoides dorsalis )
- Nuttall woodpecker ( Picoides nuttallii )
- Downy Woodpecker ( Picoides pubescens )
- Texan woodpecker ( Picoides scalaris )
- Strickland woodpecker ( Picoides stricklandi )
- Three- toed woodpecker ( Picoides tridactylus )
- Hairy Woodpecker ( Picoides villosus )
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Veniliornis - 13 species
Stroke-headed woodpecker ( Veniliornis lignarius )- Bloodwing Woodpecker ( Veniliornis affinis )
- Scarlet- backed woodpecker ( Veniliornis callonotus )
- Golden-necked woodpecker ( Veniliornis cassini )
- Choco Woodpecker ( Veniliornis chocoensis )
- Yellow-bellied Woodpecker ( Veniliornis dignus )
- Pearl-fronted woodpecker ( Veniliornis frontalis )
- Soot woodpecker ( Veniliornis fumigatus )
- Blood-eared Woodpecker ( Veniliornis kirkii )
- Stroke-headed woodpecker ( Veniliornis lignarius )
- Golden-eared woodpecker ( Veniliornis maculifrons )
- Banded-bellied woodpecker ( Veniliornis nigriceps )
- Sparrow Woodpecker ( Veniliornis passerinus )
- Blood-backed woodpecker ( Veniliornis sanguineus )
- Pearl-bellied woodpecker ( Veniliornis spilogaster )
Fossil Genera
- Australopicus †
- Palaeonerpes †
Individual evidence
- ^ Moore, William S .; Weibel, Amy C. & Agius, Andrea (2006): Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of the woodpecker genus Veniliornis (Picidae, Picinae) and related genera implies convergent evolution of plumage patterns. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 87 : 611-624. PDF
literature
- Jérôme Fuchs, Jan I. Ohlson, Per GP Ericson, Eric Pasquet: Synchronous intercontinental splits between assemblages of woodpeckers suggested by molecular data. Zoologica Scripta 36, No. 1, 2007: pp. 11-25
- Josep del Hoyo et al. a .: Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 7: Jacamars To Woodpeckers. Lynx Edicions, 1992, ISBN 8487334377 .
Web links
Commons : Woodpeckers (Picidae) - Collection of images, videos and audio files
