Kaempferspecht
| Kaempferspecht | ||||||||||||
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Combat Woodpecker ( Celeus obrieni ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Celeus obrieni | ||||||||||||
| Short , 1973 |
The Kaempferspecht ( Celeus obrieni ), earlier erroneously called Caatingaspecht , is a species of bird from the family of the woodpeckers (Picidae). This medium-sized and very colorful woodpecker has a relatively small range in central eastern Brazil .
The world population is likely to be fewer than 4,000 individuals and is also believed to be declining due to habitat destruction and degradation. Therefore, the species is currently classified as endangered by the IUCN .
description
The Kaempferspecht is very similar to the Cinnamon-headed woodpecker , as a subspecies it was listed until 2005. They are medium-sized, very colorful woodpeckers with a long, bushy hood. The beak is quite short, chisel-shaped, pointed, slightly bent down at the ridge and relatively broad at the base. The body length is about 26-28 cm. The weight is known so far only of one male who weighed 95 g. These woodpeckers are about the size of a white-backed woodpecker , but a little lighter. The species shows a little clear sexual dimorphism in terms of coloration .
The back of the only female described so far is pale beige, the front is more intensely white and the rump is darker, more like cinnamon beige . For this reason, the upper back shows few black bands. The upper wing-coverts are creamy beige with small heart-shaped central spots.
The hand wings are black-brown with a red-brown area at the base. On the inner hand wings, the red-brown areas become more extensive and the arm-wings are finally completely reddish maroon with black tips. The umbrella feathers are cream beige with irregular black spots or dotted lines. The upper tail is almost monochrome black, only the outermost pair of control springs is pale reddish brown with a black border on the outer flag and irregular black markings.
In continuation of the black throat, the chest shows a large black field. The sides of the chest and the rest of the underside of the trunk are cream beige to pale cinnamon beige with only a few black bands in the area of the chest; The wings and the under wing coverts are monochrome cinnamon brown underneath. The lower tail is colored like the upper tail, but lighter or less strong.
The head, including the hood, is monochrome cinnamon-red-brown. The sides of the neck and the nape of the neck are sharply contrasted with it and the lower throat is black.
The beak is horn-colored, blackish at the base. Legs and toes are olive green to greyish. The iris is deep brown.
A male was first described in 2007. In this male, the upper back and the underside of the trunk below the chest are more black banded than in the female, the beard is red.
The juvenile birds have not yet been described.
Vocalizations
The only call known so far is an ascending, dragging "reeahh-kah-kah-kah-kah" . It is not yet known whether the species drums.
distribution and habitat
The Kaempferspecht was only known from one individual until 2006, which was collected in 1926 near Uruçui in the Piauí province in northeastern Brazil. After the rediscovery in 2006 about 350 km from the location of the type specimen near Goatins in the state of Tocantins , there was a whole series of records in other areas. In 2012, the known distribution area extended over an area of eastern central Brazil, from the state of Maranhão in the north via Tocantins to the state of Goiás in the south; a single occurrence is also known from the Rio Barreiro in the state of Mato Grosso . The size of the total distribution area was estimated at 806,000 km² in 2012.
The type specimen, like an individual from 2007, was collected in the Cerrado forest with sparse gallery forests and tree populations dominated by babassu palms ( Attalea speciosa ). In this habitat, the Kaempferspecht shows a close connection to bamboo of the species Guadua paniculata .
Systematics and naming
The Kaempferspecht was listed as a subspecies of the cinnamon-headed woodpecker ( Celeus spectabilis ) until 2005 .
The earlier German and English trivial names Caatingaspecht and Caatinga's woodpecker are misleading, since the authors Andrew Whittaker and David C. Oren , who proposed the English name in 1999, confused the terra typica near Uruçui (a Cerrado ) with the caatingawald near Uruçui-Una . The current literature has therefore agreed on the common English name Kaempfer's Woodpecker (alternatively Uruçui woodpecker) or the common German name Kaempferspecht. The German-Brazilian explorer and bird collector Emil Kaempfer , who collected the type specimen in 1926, is honored with this designation . The species epithet honors Charles O'Brien, the employee of the ornithological department of the American Museum of Natural History , who made the first describer Lester Leroy Short aware of this taxon.
Way of life
Little information is available on the way of life of the species. So far the species has only been observed individually, in pairs or in family groups. Warp woodpeckers apparently feed primarily on ants that live in bamboo canes. So far there is no information on the breeding biology.
Existence and endangerment
The world population is likely to be fewer than 4,000 individuals and it is also believed that the population is in decline. The main causes of danger are loss and degradation of habitat through slash and burn, infrastructure projects and conversion into agricultural land or eucalyptus plantations . The IUCN therefore currently classifies the Kaempter woodpecker as endangered.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b M. PD Santos and MF de Vasconcelos (2007): Range extension for Kaempfer's Woodpecker Celeus obrieni in Brazil, with the first male specimen. Bulletin of The British Ornithologists' Club 127: pp. 249-252.
- ^ Lester L. Short (1973): A new race of Celeus spectabilis from eastern Brazil. Wilson Bulletin 85, No. 4: pp. 465-467.
- ↑ Hans Winkler, David A. Christie and David Nurney: Woodpeckers. A Guide to the Woodpeckers, Piculets, and Wrynecks of the World. Pica Press, Robertsbridge 1995: p. 335.
- ↑ a b c d e f The Kaempferspecht at BirdLife International . Retrieved December 24, 2012.
literature
- Erik Hirschfeld (2007): The Rare Birds Yearbook 2008 , MagDig Media Ltd., Shrewsbury ISBN 978-0-9552607-3-5
- Hans Winkler , David A. Christie and David Nurney: Woodpeckers. A Guide to the Woodpeckers, Piculets, and Wrynecks of the World. Pica Press, Robertsbridge 1995, ISBN 0-395-72043-5 , pp. 130-131 and 334-335.
- Lester L. Short: A new race of Celeus spectabilis from eastern Brazil. In: Wilson Bulletin. Vol. 85, no. 4, October-December, 1973: pp. 465–467 PDF full text; 184 kB
Web links
- BirdLife Species Factsheet
- Lost Woodpecker Reappears (BirdLife International) ( Memento from September 30, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- Evaluation leading to Celeus obrieni being split from C. spectabilis (South American Classification Committee) ( Memento from September 28, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- Evaluation leading to Kaempfer's Woodpecker being used as a common name (South American Classification Committee)
- Celeus obrieni in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2012. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2012. Accessed December 25, 2012 found.
- Videos, photos and sound recordings for Celeus spectabilis ssp. obrieni in the Internet Bird Collection
- Photos at WikiAves