Celeus (genus)
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Pallid Woodpecker ( Celeus elegans ) |
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| Boie , 1831 |
Celeus is a genus of the woodpeckers (Picidae), which is represented with twelve species in Central and South America .
description
The genus includes small to medium-sized woodpeckers. The smallest species is the red-throated woodpecker with a body length of 19 to 23 cm and a weight of 74 to 83 g, the largest the pale-headed woodpecker with a body length of 26 to 32 cm and a weight of 93 to 172 g. The species show a more or less well-developed bonnet. The beak is quite short, usually curved downwards at the ridge and the nostrils are not covered with feathers. The species have four toes, the fourth (outer) toe is about as long as the two front toes or shorter, the first toe is short. All species have a very large rump gland .
These woodpeckers are predominantly brown, cream-colored and black in color and usually have more or less pronounced banding. The species show a more or less conspicuous sexual dimorphism in terms of color ; in all species the males have red markings in the head area, which the females lack.
distribution and habitat
The distribution of the genus Celeus includes Central and South America . All species inhabit forests or tree-rich landscapes with large trees.
Systematics
The genus Celeus includes twelve species:
- Chestnut Woodpecker ( Celeus castaneus )
- Pallid Woodpecker ( Celeus elegans )
- Blond woodpecker ( Celeus flavescens )
- Straw woodpecker ( Celeus flavus )
- Wavy- eared Woodpecker ( Celeus galeatus )
- Yellow-flanked woodpecker ( Celeus grammicus )
- European red-throated woodpecker ( Celeus loricatus )
- Pale-headed woodpecker ( Celeus lugubris )
- Kaempferspecht ( Celeus obrieni )
- Cinnamon-headed woodpecker ( Celeus spectabilis )
- Black-breasted Woodpecker ( Celeus torquatus )
- Olive Woodpecker ( Celeus undatus )
According to molecular genetic studies, the genus Celeus belongs to a clade that also includes the genera Colaptes , Piculus , Dryocopus and Mulleripicus . The exact family position of Celeus within this clade has not yet been clearly clarified.
Way of life
Little is known about the way of life of many species. The Celeus species are predominantly tree-dwelling; foraging is done by hoeing, probing and reading. In addition to wood-dwelling insects such as ants, termites and beetle larvae, various fruits and seeds are often part of the food spectrum. The species often utter loud calls, and all species drum as far as known.
swell
Individual evidence
- ^ F. Gill & D. Donsker (Eds) 2011: IOC World Bird Names (version 2.10.) - Woodpeckers & Allies. ( Online ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. , Accessed on November 13, 2011)
- ↑ Brett W. Benz, Mark B. Robbins and A. Townsend Peterson: Evolutionary history of woodpeckers and allies (Aves: Picidae): Placing key taxa on the phylogenetic tree. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40, 2006: pp. 389-399
- ↑ Jérôme Fuchs, Jan I. Ohlson, Per GP Ericson, Eric Pasquet: Synchronous intercontinental splits between assemblages of woodpeckers suggested by molecular data. Zoologica Scripta 36, No. 1, 2007: pp. 11-25
literature
- Hans Winkler , David Christie, David Nurney: Woodpeckers. Pica Press, 1995, ISBN 1873403259 , pp. 11-12, 126-131 and 326-336.
