Cinnamon-headed woodpecker
| Cinnamon-headed woodpecker | ||||||||||
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Cinnamon-headed woodpecker, probably a female |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||
| Celeus spectabilis | ||||||||||
| Sclater & Salvin , 1880 |
The cinnamon-headed woodpecker ( Celeus spectabilis ) is a species of bird from the woodpecker family (Picidae). This medium-sized and very colorful woodpecker has a relatively small range at the eastern foot of the Andes in central western South America . The species lives in humid tropical forests, especially along rivers and on river islands. Almost nothing is known about the way of life of the cinnamon-head woodpecker. Foraging takes place in all strata of the forest, including on the ground.
The species is considered rare and no information is available about the population trend. Since serious threats are not known and the population is presumably at least not significantly in decline, the IUCN currently classifies the cinnamon-headed woodpecker as safe ("least concern").
description
Cinnamon-headed woodpeckers are medium-sized, very colorful woodpeckers with a long, bushy hood. The beak is quite short, chisel-shaped, pointed, slightly bent down at the ridge and relatively broad at the base. The body length is about 26-28 cm. The weight is known only of an individual who weighed 111 g. This makes these woodpeckers about as big and heavy as a white-backed woodpecker . The species shows a little clear sexual dimorphism in terms of coloration .
In males of the nominate form C. s. spectabilis are neck, upper and middle back as well as the shoulder feathers reddish cream colored to pale cinnamon yellow with very broad black banding. The lower back, rump and upper tail-coverts are solid yellow-beige or cinnamon-beige and occasionally show some black lines. The black upper wing covers have creamy beige hems and narrow bands of the same color.
The hand wings are black-brown with a red-brown area at the base. On the inner hand wings, the red-brown areas become more extensive and the arm-wings and the umbrella feathers are finally completely reddish maroon with black tips. The shorter shield springs are usually banded in black. The upper tail is almost monochrome black, only the outermost pair of control springs is occasionally lightly banded.
In continuation of the black throat, the chest shows a large black field. The sides of the chest and the rest of the underside of the trunk are cream beige to pale cinnamon beige with broad black banding in the area of the chest, which is reduced to a more arrowhead-like pattern towards the back and the flanks. The wings are cinnamon-red-brown on the underside, the under wing-coverts banded black on a cinnamon-beige background. The lower tail is colored like the upper tail, but lighter or less strong.
The head, including the bonnet, is predominantly reddish maroon-brown in color. The beard stripe is red and a yellow to creamy beige stain extends from the lower sides of the neck to the sides of the chest. In addition, a large area extending from above the ear covers to the hood is dark red. The lower throat is black.
The beak is pale yellowish or greyish ivory with a grayer base. Legs and toes are olive green to greyish. The iris is deep brown.
Females lack the red areas on the head, at most the bonnet occasionally shows some red tones.
Vocalizations
Calls or drum rolls have not yet been described.
distribution and habitat
The cinnamon-headed woodpecker has a relatively small distribution area at the eastern foot of the Andes in central western South America . The area of the species extends from the east of Ecuador and Peru to the north of Bolivia ( Departamento Cochabamba , Departamento Beni ). The size of the total distribution area is estimated at 528,000 km².
The species lives in moist tropical forests, especially along rivers and on river islands, often with an undergrowth of bamboo or Gynerium sagittatum . The height distribution of the cinnamon-headed woodpecker extends from the lowlands to around 300 m.
Systematics
Winkler et al. recognized three well-differentiated subspecies, two of which are still assigned to the species today:
- Celeus s. spectabilis Sclater & Salvin , 1880 - East Ecuador and Northeast Peru . The nominate form is described above.
- Celeus s. exsul Bond & Meyer de Schauensee , 1941 - Remaining distribution area. Upper side less banded and lower side much less banded, heart-shaped or arrowhead-shaped banding below the black spot on the chest and only a few black spots on the stomach and a few black bands on the flanks.
The third by Winkler et al. named subspecies, Celeus s. obrieni , is now recognized as a separate species ( Celeus obrieni ).
Way of life
Almost nothing is known about the way of life of the cinnamon-head woodpecker. These woodpeckers are found singly or in pairs. Foraging takes place in all strata of the forest, including dead wood lying on the ground. The cinnamon-headed woodpecker chops quite vigorously and more frequently than almost all other species of the genus Celeus , with the possible exception of the black-breasted woodpecker ( Celeus torquatus ). No information on food is available yet. The breeding season probably extends from June to November, the breeding biology has not yet been described.
Existence and endangerment
The species is considered rare and nothing is known about the population trend. Since serious threats are not recognizable and the population is presumably at least not in decline, the IUCN currently classifies the cinnamon-headed woodpecker as harmless (“least concern”).
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b The cinnamon-headed woodpecker at BirdLife International . Retrieved December 1, 2012.
- ↑ Hans Winkler, David A. Christie and David Nurney: Woodpeckers. A Guide to the Woodpeckers, Piculets, and Wrynecks of the World. Pica Press, Robertsbridge 1995: p. 335
literature
- Hans Winkler , David A. Christie and David Nurney: Woodpeckers. A Guide to the Woodpeckers, Piculets, and Wrynecks of the World. Pica Press, Robertsbridge 1995, ISBN 0-395-72043-5 , pp. 130-131 and 334-335.
Web links
- Celeus spectabilis in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2012. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2012. Accessed December 1, 2012th
Other web links
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of Celeus spectabilis in the Internet Bird Collection