Net-bellied woodpecker
| Net-bellied woodpecker | ||||||||||||
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Reticulated woodpecker (pair, male left) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Picus vittatus | ||||||||||||
| Vieillot , 1818 |
The laced woodpecker ( Picus vittatus ) is a species of bird from the family of woodpeckers (Picidae). The medium-sized woodpecker lives in parts of Southeast Asia and lives in a wide range of moist to dry forest types from bamboo , evergreen rainforests, deciduous forests, secondary forests to mangroves , but also coconut palm groves , village and suburban gardens. As far as is known, the food sought on the ground and in the lower tree layer consists of beetles and flies.
The species is considered to be rare to locally common. At least in Sumatra , the population has decreased significantly due to habitat destruction, but the IUCN still classifies the net-bellied woodpecker as harmless (“least concern”).
description
The net-bellied woodpecker is a typical representative of the genus Picus and is similar in habit and color to the green woodpecker, which is also native to Central Europe . They are medium-sized woodpeckers with a short bonnet, a stiff, long tail and a relatively short, only slightly chisel-shaped, pointed beak and broad at the base. The ridge of the beak is bent downwards. The body length is 30–33 cm, the weight 105–132 g. This makes them about the size of a green woodpecker, but significantly lighter. The species shows a clear sexual dimorphism in terms of coloration , females also have a slightly shorter beak than the males.
In the male, the entire back, including the shoulder feathers, is yellowish green, the rump is more yellowish. The upper wing ceilings and the umbrella feathers are dark bronze green and darker than the back. The wings are blackish brown, the arm wings have bronze-green outer flags and the complete hand wings as well as the inside flags of the arm wings are banded narrowly, light beige-white. The tail top is blackish, the outer tail feathers usually show some small whitish binding, rarely all feathers are banded way. The breast is unmarked light brownish beige or olive beige. The fletching of the lower chest and abdomen shows olive-green submarginal hems on a light brownish to greenish white background, creating a scale-like pattern. The under tail-coverts are patterned similarly on a whitish background with more olive-colored submarginals. The under wing-coverts are yellowish white with brown banding, the wings are brownish with white bands. The lower tail is a little lighter than the upper tail, the outer tail feathers often have a dirty yellow tint.
The forehead, top of the head and bonnet are red, this red area is narrowly bordered in black from the forehead to the neck. A narrow white eye ring continues as a narrow stripe over the eyes to the back of the head. The ear covers are pale grayish to beige in color, often have a bluish cast and have fine brown lines. The lower cheeks are brownish or whitish and connect with the indistinct light rein stripe . The strong and clearly separated beard stripe is dark blackish and usually has a few white spots or lines. The chin and throat are monochrome whitish beige to light yellowish green or yellow. The sides of the neck and neck are yellowish green like the back.
The upper beak is dirty yellow, the ridge and tip are blackish. The lower bill is pale yellow. Legs and toes are gray-green. The iris is reddish brown or red.
In the female, the red areas on the head are missing; The forehead, skull and hood are black.
The species shows a clear intra-species variability. Winkler et al. do not recognize any subspecies, but point to the need for research, especially for the west of the distribution area, where the net-bellied woodpecker and Burma green woodpecker ( Picus viridanus ) occur sympatric . According to Winkler et al. a super species .
Vocalizations
Individual calls such as “keep” or double “kee-ip” are known . The animals are noticeable by long series of such calls. When meeting people of the same species, loud or soft calls such as "wick, a-wick, a-wick" are uttered . The drum rolls are quite short and even.
distribution and habitat
This species of woodpecker inhabits parts of Southeast Asia. The disjoint distribution area extends in a west-east direction from the east of Myanmar to the southwest of the Chinese province of Yunnan and via Laos and Cambodia to the east of Vietnam ; to the south it extends to the south of Vietnam. It also includes the southwest of the Malay Peninsula , east Sumatra , north Java, and the Kangean Islands . The size of the total distribution area is not known.
Net-bellied woodpeckers inhabit a wide range of moist to dry forest types from bamboo , evergreen rainforests, deciduous forests, secondary forests to mangroves , but also coconut palm groves , village and suburban gardens. In the west and southwest of Thailand , where the Burma green woodpecker occurs sympatricly, the species is largely restricted to mangroves, drier deciduous forests and coastal bushland and is absent in gardens. The net-bellied woodpecker occurs on the Great Sunda Islands from sea level up to an altitude of 200 m, on the Southeast Asian mainland up to an altitude of 1500 m.
nutrition
The food that is often sought on the ground, but also on lying dead wood and on trunks and thick branches, consists, as far as known, of beetles and flies. The food is obtained by chopping and probing vertically and sideways. On the ground, these woodpeckers throw leaves and litter to the side with their beak and then use their beak to probe the earth or mud.
Reproduction
Net-bellied woodpeckers live individually or in pairs. The breeding season varies depending on the area of distribution, in Malaysia and Thailand it ranges from February to June, on Java occupied caves have been recorded in January, April and September. The clutch consists of three or four eggs. Further information on the breeding biology is not yet available.
Existence and endangerment
Information on the size of the world population is not available. The species is considered to be rare to locally common. At least in Sumatra , the population has decreased significantly due to habitat destruction, but the IUCN still classifies the net-bellied woodpecker as harmless (“least concern”).
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Der Netzbauchspecht at BirdLife International (online, accessed December 30, 2010)
- ↑ Hans Winkler, David A. Christie and David Nurney: Woodpeckers. A Guide to the Woodpeckers, Piculets, and Wrynecks of the World. Pica Press, Robertsbridge 1995: p. 362
literature
- Hans Winkler , David A. Christie and David Nurney: Woodpeckers. A Guide to the Woodpeckers, Piculets, and Wrynecks of the World. Pica Press, Robertsbridge 1995, ISBN 0-395-72043-5 , pp. 146-147 and 362-363.
Web links
- Picus vittatus in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2010. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2009. Retrieved on December 30 of 2010.
Other web links
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of Picus vittatus in the Internet Bird Collection