Red-mantled woodpecker

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Red-mantled woodpecker
Crimson-mantled Woodpecker - Colombia S4E2671.jpg

Red-mantled woodpecker ( Colaptes rivolii )

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Woodpecker birds (Piciformes)
Family : Woodpeckers (Picidae)
Subfamily : Real woodpeckers (Picinae)
Genre : Gold woodpeckers ( Colaptes )
Type : Red-mantled woodpecker
Scientific name
Colaptes rivolii
( Boissonneau , 1840)

The crimson-mantled woodpecker ( Colaptes rivolii ) is a species of bird in the family of woodpeckers (Picidae). For a long time the woodpecker was listed under the genus Piculus rivolii . Recent genetic analyzes show that the red-cloaked woodpecker is classified in the phylogenetic tree under the genus Colaptes . The species has a large range that includes the South American countries Bolivia , Peru , Ecuador , Colombia and Venezuela . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The red-mantled woodpecker reaches a body length of about 28 centimeters. The crown and most of the top are crimson . There are black grid patterns on the upper tail ceilings. The tail is black. The wings of the hand have olive-colored edges. It is yellowish white on the sides of the head. Underneath is a beard-like crimson stripe. The throat is black and has more or less intense white spots. The rest of the underside is golden yellow to mustard colored. The chest and sides have black spots. In contrast to the male, the female has black beard stripes and a black crown. The throat is stippled in black and white.

distribution and habitat

The species occurs in the moss-covered cloud forests and the typical vegetation of the Páramo at altitudes between 950 and 3700 meters. Here you can find it on isolated trees, but also in the low bushes of the high altitude.

behavior

In the field you can usually see this woodpecker alone and in pairs, occasionally accompanied by mixed flocks of birds. He explores, chops and searches the moss and the epiphytes on the trees in practically all strata . Every now and then you can see him looking for insects on the ground. Other typical plants that the woodpecker visits are puya and espeletia . Usually he only examines the trunks and thick branches of the trees. The drumming and hammering, as can be seen in other species of woodpecker, is rather untypical. Nevertheless, this can happen in rare cases.

Subspecies

Five subspecies are described, which differ mainly in their coloration and their range:

  • Colaptes rivolii rivolii (Boissonneau, 1840) - Present in the north-west of Venezuela in the Sierra de Perijá and in the southern Andes to eastern central Colombia. Nominate form .
  • Colaptes rivolii meridae ( Chapman , 1923) - was published under the name Hypoxanthus rivolii meridæ . Occurs in western Venezuela in the states of Mérida and Táchira . Has few to no spots on the throat.
  • Colaptes rivolii quindiuna (Chapman, 1923) - Was named Hypoxanthus rivolii quindiuna in the same article as C. r. meridæ published. Andes of northern central Colombia. Same as C. r. brevirostris is much larger.
  • Colaptes rivolii brevirostris ( Taczanowski , 1875) Originally described under Hypoxanthus brevirostris . Present in the southwest of Colombia via Ecuador to the south and central Peru. Is a little smaller than nominate form. The beak is a little shorter. The throat and rump are black with no white spots. There are also red spots in the upper chest area.
  • Colaptes rivolii atriceps ( Sclater, PL & Salvin , 1876) - First described under the name Hypoxanthus atriceps . Occurs in southeastern Peru and in western and central Bolivia. The male has a black and no red crown.

Another subspecies Colaptes rivolii zuliensis the Aveledo & Perez in 1989 in an article Tres nuevas subespecies de aves (Picidae, Parulidae, Thraupidae) de la Sierra de Perija, Venezuela y lista hipotetica para la avifauna Colombiana de Perija in Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales described is generally considered an invalid taxon .

Naming

Auguste Boissonneau first described the woodpecker under the name Picus Rivolii . He dedicated the scientific taxon to François Victor Masséna , second Duke of Rivoli and third Prince of Essling. In his dedication he names him one of the most avid ornithologists and the owner of one of the most important bird collections, mainly of the Picus genus, for which he wrote a monograph (original text: Nous dédions cette belle espèce à Masséna, duc de Rivoli, L'un des ornithologistes les plus zélés et possesseur le genre Picus, dont il prépare une monograph).

literature

  • Steven L. Hilty , William L. Brown: A Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Princeton University Press, 1986, ISBN 978-0-691-08372-8 , pp. 283f.
  • Thomas Schulenberg, Douglas F. Stotz , Daniel F. Lane: Birds of Peru. Princeton University Press, 2007, p. 282, ISBN 978-0-691-04915-1 .
  • Robert S. Ridgely , Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide. Volume 1, Cornell University Press, 2001, ISBN 978-0-8014-8720-0 , p. 425.
  • Robert S. Ridgely, Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide , Vol. 2, Cornell University Press, 2001, p. 334, ISBN 978-0-8014-8721-7
  • Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee, William H. Phelps , Guy Tudor : A Guide to the Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press, 1992, ISBN 978-0-691-08205-9 , p. 175.
  • Brett W. Benz, Mark B. Robbins, A. Townsend Peterson: Evolutionary history of woodpeckers and allies (Aves: Picidae): Placing key taxa on the phylogenetic tree , Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Vol 40, Issue 2, 2006, pp. 389-399

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ South American Classification Committee Proposal (# 265) Transfer Piculus rubiginosus and P. rivolii from Piculus to Colaptes ( Memento of the original from April 14, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (engl.) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.museum.lsu.edu
  2. ^ Museum novitates; no. 96 Descriptions of proposed new birds from Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile. (English; PDF; 1.2 MB)
  3. ^ Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874 Original article Hypoxanthus brevirostris p. 546f (French)
  4. ^ Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876 Original article Hypoxanthus atriceps p. 254 (Engl.)
  5. ^ Revue zoologique par la Société cuviérienne Nouvelle espèce du genre Pic, par M. Boissonneau (French)
  6. ^ Revue zoologique par la Société cuviérienne Original dedication (French)