François Victor Masséna

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Jacques Prosper Masséna (1793–1821), 2nd Prince of Essling (right 13 years) and François Victor Masséna (1799–1863), 2nd Duke of Rivoli and 3rd Prince of Essling (left 7 years)

François Victor Masséna , 2nd Duke of Rivoli and 3rd Prince of Essling, (born April 2, 1799 in Antibes , † April 16, 1863 in Paris ) was a French amateur ornithologist and natural history collector.

Live and act

Green-cheeked Red-tailed Parakeet (Molina Parakeet)

Masséna was the son of Marshal André Masséna . His brother Jacques Prosper (1793–1821) was the first-born son, 2nd Prince of Essling, and François Victor, the second-born son, 2nd Duke of Rivoli. After the early death of his brother, the title of 3rd Prince of Essling passed to him. In 1822 he bought the Château de la Ferté in the municipality of Saint-Ambreuil from Augustin Louis Talleyrand Périgord (1770-1832) . The Notre-Dame chapel also stood on the acquired property. In 1846, Masséna barred the entrance to the chapel and refused access to the public. The priests had to move out immediately. There was a dispute and a lawsuit in court. While Masséna referred to its exclusive property right, the Saint Michel church referred to the patronage law from 1669, as the chapel would be an integral part of the parish church. According to the order of the Royal Court of Orléans on March 16, 1846, Masséna's application was finally rejected. In Saint-Ambreuil, the rue de Rivoli was named in honor of Massénas.

On December 12, 1828 John James Audubon (1785-1851) visited the prince and his wife in order to win them for a pre-order of his work Birds of America . After a brief presentation, Masséna ordered the work. He mentioned six to eight other names in Paris to Audubon, pointing out that he probably wouldn't find many more subscribers in the city. When Paul-Émile Botta (1802-1870) returned to France from a trip from California in the summer of 1829, Masséna secured some important hides for this expedition. He left the first description of the type specimens to René Primevère Lesson (1794–1849). So came u. a. the pathway cuckoo ( Geococcyx californianus ) ( Lesson , 1829) and the Anna's hummingbird ( Calypte anna ) ( Lesson , 1829), a species named in honor of Masséna's wife, from the Massénas Museum and collected by Botta. When La Société Cuvierienne was founded in 1838 , he was one of the 140 founding members of the society.

In the period from April 25 to May 14, 1839, the auction house of Louis Catherine Silvestre (1792–1867) sold his book collection. In 1846 a catalog was published by the auctioneer Émile Maciet, who announced the sale of his bird collection in his gallery at 98 rue de Lille from June 8th to 25th. The entire collection was bought by Thomas Bellerby Wilson (1807-1865) for the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia . Wilson visited his brother Edward Wilson (1808-1880) in London at the time of the auction and came into contact with well-known taxidermists in the city through his agency . So Wilson asked John Edward Gray about worthwhile objects. This recommended him u. a. the Massénas collection. Since Gray was traveling to Paris anyway, he agreed to negotiate with Massena. The deal was closed within a day without major negotiations and Gray bought the entire Vogel collection for 50,000 francs. Since Gray still had some time, he then visited his old friend Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville . Here he learned that the French government was planning to buy the valuable collection that had been on the market for some time. By then it was too late. Henry David Thoreau wrote in his journal on the business on November 21, 1854, on a visit to the Academy:

"... was bought by a Yankee ... past all crowned heads of Europe."

Together with his nephew Charles de Souancé he described a number of parrots, such as the Brown Breast parakeet ( Pyrrhura calliptera ) ( Massena & Souance , 1854), the Devillesittich ( Pyrrhura devillei ) ( Massena & Souance , 1854), the yellow-eared parrot ( Ognorhynchus icterotis ) ( Massena & Souance , 1854), the old-headed parrot ( Pionus seniloides ) ( Massena & Souance , 1854), the molehill parakeet ( Pyrrhura molinae ) ( Massena & Souance , 1854) and a subspecies of the brown- cheeked parakeet ( Aratinga pertinax chrysogenys ) ( Massena & Souance , 1854) that were new to science. In 1856, in Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée , de Sounacé published a catalog consisting of several articles under the title Catalog des perroquets de la collection du Prince Masséna, duc de Rivoli et observations sur quelques espèces nouvelles ou peu connues de Psittacidés , the Listed the Masséna parrot collection, including new species. This collection was finally sold to the Natural History Museum in London in 1859 and 1860 through the natural produce dealer François Charles Émile Fauqueux-Parzudaki (1829–1899) .

When Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck (1744–1829) died, his book collection was initially sold. Finally, in 1831, Masséna acquired Lamarck's entire collection of molluscs to complete his own collection. Since Masséna was only interested in the most magnificent pieces, he bequeathed the rest to the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle . Among them were 400 to 500 exhibits of biogenic sediments , sponges and bog animals with 451 different species. Louis Charles Kiener (1799–1881) served Masséna as curator for the molluscs. When Masséna only wanted to devote herself to ornithology, there was a risk that the valuable collection would be sold abroad. So finally Jules Paul Benjamin Delessert decided to buy the extensive Conchylia collection . At that time, it consisted of around 50,000 exhibits and 13,288 species, of which 1,243 had not yet been scientifically described. It finally went to the Geneva Natural History Museum via Delessert.

On April 23, 1823 he married Anna Masséna (1802-1887), daughter of General Jean Francois Joseph Debelle and lady-in-waiting of the Empress Eugénie . With her he had the sons André Prosper Victor (1829–1898), 4th Prince of Essling, Victor (1836–1910) 3rd Duke of Rivoli and 5th Prince of Essling, as well as the daughters of Baroness Françoise-Anne de Reille (1824 –1902) and Marie Anne Victoire de Lescuyer d 'Attainville (1826–1913). The second son, like his father, was passionate about collecting books.

Dedication names

  • Derilambrus angulifrons (Latreille, 1825) & Parthenopoides massena (Roux, 1830) lithograph by Jean Louis Florent Polydore Roux

  • Ortyx massena Synonym for the Montezuma quail or Massena's Partridge after lithography by Jean-Gabriel Prêtre

  • Slate- tailed trogon ( Trogon massena ) painted by John Gould

  • Ornismya Rivolii Synonym for the violet crown brilliant hummingbird painted by Jean-Gabriel Prêtre

  • Coral fruit dove - reproduction of the original by Antoinette Paulette Jacqueline Knip

John Gould dedicated the specific epithet of the slate tail trogon ( Trogon massena ) to him in 1838 . Auguste Boissonneau described the red- cloaked woodpecker ( Colaptes rivolii ) in 1840 , which he dedicated to Masséna, the owner of one of the most beautiful collections of birds, especially woodpeckers. Florent Prévost described the coral pigeon ( Ptilinopus rivoli ) in 1843 , which was illustrated by Antoinette Paulette Jacqueline Knip . Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte named a subspecies of the Rainbow Lorikeet ( Trichoglossus haematodus massena ) in his honor in 1854 , for which the English name Massena's Lory can also be found in literature.

In addition, Jean Louis Florent Polydore Roux (1792-1833) dedicated the name of the crab species Parthenope massena in 1830 , Joseph Antoine Risso (1777-1845) in 1826 the name of the horn snail species Cantharus massena and Achille Valenciennes (1794-1865) the name the lesser amber mackerel ( Seriola rivoliana ).

Since René Primevère Lesson used the synonym Ornismya Rivolii for the violet crown brilliant hummingbird in 1929 , the name Rivoli's Hummingbird can also be found in English-language literature . The common name Massena's Parrot is also found in English literature for the white-headed parrot ( Pionus senilis ) ( Spix , 1824) , since Masséna herself used the synonym Psittacus selinoides . The name Massena's Partridge for the Montezuma quail ( Cyrtonyx montezumae ) ( Vigors , 1830) developed from the synonym Ortyx massena , a name that Lesson used in 1831.

Fonts (selection)

  • with Charles de Souancé: Description de quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux de la famille de Psittacidés . In: Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée (=  2 ). tape 6 , 1854, pp. 71-74 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 25, 2015]).

literature

  • Borel d'Hauterive: Annuaire de la Noblesse de France et des Maisons Souveraines de l'Europe . tape 20 . Au Bureau de la Publication, Paris 1863 ( gallica.bnf.fr [accessed June 25, 2015]).
  • Émile Maciet: Catalog de la magnifique collection d'oiseaux de M. le Prince d'Essling, duc de Rivoli: dont la vente aura lieu aux enchères publiques dans sa galerie, rue de Lille 98, le 8 Juin 1846 jusqu'au 25 du même mois et jours suivants, s'il ya lieu, a midi précis . Imprimerie Schneider et Langrand, Paris 1846, OCLC 9625664 .
  • Regnard: Catalog des livres rares de la bibliothèque de M. le P. d'Essling, Don la vente se fera le jeudi 25 avril 1839, et les dix-neuf jours suivant, à six heures de relevée. rue des Bons-Enfants, n. 30, maison Silvestre, salle du premier. Silvestre, Paris 1839 ( books.google.de ).
  • Witmer Stone : Some Philadelphia ornithological collections and collectors, 1784-1850 . In: The Auk . tape 16 , no. 2 , 1899, pp. 166–177 ( sora.unm.edu [PDF; 539 kB ; accessed on June 27, 2015]).
  • Henry David Thoreau: November, 1854 . In: The Journal . tape 7 , no. 3 , 1854, p. 68–77 ( walden.org [PDF; 449 kB ; accessed on June 27, 2015]).
  • Theodore Sherman Palmer: Botta's Visit to California . In: The Condor . tape 19 , no. 5 , 1917, pp. 159–161 ( sora.unm.edu [PDF; 235 kB ; accessed on June 30, 2015]).
  • John Gould: A Monograph of the Trogonidae, or Family of Trogons . Self-published, London 1838, doi : 10.3931 / e-rara-7915 ( e-rara.ch [accessed on June 26, 2015]).
  • Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte: Conspectus Psittacorum . In: Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée (=  2 ). tape 6 , 1854, pp. 149–158 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 26, 2015]).
  • René Primevère Lesson: Centurie zoologique, ou, Choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus: enrichi de planches inédites, dessinées d'après nature par M. Prêtre, gravées et coloriées avec le plus grand soin . FG Levrault, Strasbourg 1830 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 26, 2015]).
  • Auguste Boissonneau: Nouvelle espèce du genre Pic . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . tape 4 , 1840, p. 36–37 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 26, 2015]).
  • Florent Prévost: Les pigeons . Ed .: Florent Prévost, Antoinette Paulette Jacqueline Knip. 2nd Edition. 2 volumes. Bellizard, Dufour et Cie, Paris 1838 (first edition: 1811).
  • René Primevère Lesson: Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches, ouvrage orné de planches desinées et gravée par les meilleurs artistes et dédié A SAR Mademoiselle 81 plates (Prêtre, Antoine Germaine Bévalet, Marie Clémence Lesson based on Louis Vieillot's Charles Vieillot, Antoine William Pierre William Vieillot , Pancrace Bessa , Elisa Zoé Dumont de Sainte Croix) . Arthus-Bertrand, Paris 1829 ( gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de [accessed on June 26, 2015]).
  • René Primevère Lesson: Centurie zoologique, ou, Choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus. Enrichi de planches inédites, dessinées d'après nature par M. Prêtre, gravées et coloriées avec le plus grand soin . FG Levrault, Paris 1830 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 26, 2015]).
  • Jean Louis Florent Polydore Roux: Crustacés de la Méditerranée et de son littoral . Imprimerie d'Achad, Marseille 1828 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 28, 2015]).
  • Joseph Antoine Risso: Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes . tape 4 . F.-G. Levrault, Paris 1826 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 28, 2015]).
  • Achille Valenciennes in Georges Cuvier, Achille Valenciennes: Histoire naturelle des poissons . tape 9 . F.-G. Levrault, Paris 1833 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 28, 2015]).
  • Marcel Landrieu: Lamarck, le fondateur du Transformisme . In: Mémoires de la Société zoologique de France . tape 21 , 1909, pp. 478 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 29, 2015]).
  • Louis Charles Kiener: Spécies général et iconographie des coquilles vivantes: comprenant la collection du Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Paris, la collection Lamarck, celle du Prince Masséna, (Appartenant maintenant à M. le baron Benjamin Delessert), et les découvertes réecentes des voyageurs . tape 1 , no. 1 . Rousseau, Paris 1834 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 29, 2015]).
  • Jean-Charles Chenu: Notice sur le musée conchyliologique de M. le Baron Benjamin Delessert . de Béthune et Plon, Paris 1844 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 29, 2015]).
  • Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville: List of the Premier fondateurs de la Société Cuvierienne, Association universelle pour l'avancement de la Zoologie, de l'Anatomie comparée et de la Palaeontologie . In: Revue zoologique la Société cuviérienne . 1838, p. 189–193 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 30, 2015]).
  • Maria Rebecca Audubon, Elliot Coues: Audubon and His Journals with zoological and other notes of Elliot Coues . tape 1 . Charles Scribner's Sons, New York 1897 ( archive.org ).
  • Edwin Ray Lankester, Oldfield Thomas, Richard Lydekker, Richard Bowdler Sharpe, George Albert Boulenger, Reginald Innes Pocock, Edgar Albert Smith, Francis Jeffrey Bell, Randolph Kirkpatrick: The history of the collections contained in the Natural history departments of the British museum . tape 2 . Printed by order of the Trustees, London 1906 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 1, 2015]).
  • Adrien Louis Gaspard Boucher D'Argis: Cour Royal d'Orleans (July 25, 1846) Chappelle, inalienabilité. Imprescriptible, Droit de Patronage, Chiose Jugée, Decret d'immeubles . In: Journal du palais. Jurisprudence francaise . tape 1 , 1847, p. 27-29 ( books.google.de ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Histoire du château
  2. ^ Adrien Louis Gaspard Boucher D'Argis, p. 28.
  3. ↑ Maria Rebecca Audubon et al. a., pp. 313-314.
  4. ^ Theodore Sherman Palmer, p. 161.
  5. ^ Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville, p. 189.
  6. ^ Regnard (1839)
  7. ↑ Emile Maciet (1846)
  8. ^ Witmer Stone, pp. 174ff.
  9. ^ Witmer Stone, p. 175.
  10. ^ Henry David Thoreau, p. 74.
  11. ↑ Edwin Ray Lankester et al. a., p. 438.
  12. ↑ Marcel Landrieu, p. 107.
  13. ↑ Jean-Charles Chenu, p. 8.
  14. ↑ Marcel Landrieu, p. 108.
  15. ↑ Borel d'Hauterive, p. 106.
  16. ^ John Gould, plate 16 & text.
  17. ↑ Auguste Boissonneau, p. 37.
  18. ↑ Florent Prévost, p. 107, plate 57.
  19. ^ Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte, p. 157.
  20. ↑ Jean Louis Florent Polydore Roux, p. 101, plate 23, Figures 7-12.
  21. ^ Joseph Antoine Risso, p. 214.
  22. ↑ Achille Valenciennes, p. 207.
  23. ↑ René Primevère Lesson (1829–1830), p. 48, plate 4.
  24. ^ François Victor Masséna et al. a., p. 73ff.
  25. ↑ René Primevère Lesson (1830-1832), p. 189.

Remarks

  1. ↑ That Kiener was curator of Masséna goes z. B. from the title page of Spécies général et iconographie des coquilles vivantes: comprenant la collection du Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Paris, la collection Lamarck, celle du Prince Masséna, (Appartenant maintenant à M. le baron Benjamin Delessert), et les découvertes réecentes des voyageurs from 1834.
personal data
SURNAME Masséna, François Victor
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French natural history collector
DATE OF BIRTH April 2, 1799
PLACE OF BIRTH Antibes
DATE OF DEATH April 16, 1863
Place of death Paris