Anna's hummingbird

Anna's hummingbird
	Anna's hummingbird ( Calypte anna )
Systematics
Class :	Birds (aves)
Order :	Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family :	Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre :	Calypte hummingbirds
Type :	Anna's hummingbird
Scientific name
	Calypte anna
	( Lesson, RP , 1829)

The Anna's Hummingbird ( Calypte anna ) is a family of hummingbirds (Trochilidae).

Appearance

The Anna's hummingbird becomes around 10 centimeters long and has a wingspan of 11.4 to 12.1 centimeters. The hummingbird reaches a weight of 4 to 4.5 grams. The sexes show a clear dimorphism in the coloring of the plumage . The plumage of the males and females shimmers metallic green. Young birds and females can be recognized by their gray throat and green skull. The female's throat is marked in red. The male head and throat are red.

distribution

Distribution of the Anna Hummingbird

Anna's hummingbird lives in western North America on the Pacific coast in the states of British Columbia , Arizona and New Mexico . It prefers dense vegetation such as hedges and bushes. The birds also inhabit parks, gardens and open forests.

food

Anna's hummingbird feeds mainly on flower nectar and pollen . The nectar is absorbed from the flowers in flight. In addition, insects are eaten by the hummingbirds, which ensures a sufficient supply of protein .

Reproduction

nest

Young bird

During courtship , the males dive from a height of up to thirty meters. The male generates a series of noises, the loudest and most distinctive of which is heard at the lowest point of the flight, before he gains altitude again. The origin of this sound has long been controversial among biologists. Researchers have found that the insides of the outermost tail feathers begin to vibrate when the male swoops over 23 meters per second. The tail feathers vibrate like the reed in the mouthpiece of a clarinet. The tone then sounds like a chirp.

The male often mates with several females, but then separates from them immediately. After mating , a small nest is built from cobwebs, plant wool, lichen or moss at a low altitude . The nest is hidden in a bush or tree. The female lays two eggs on average, the young birds hatch after a breeding period of 14 to 19 days. The chicks are blind and feathered when they hatch. The young are fledged after 18 to 23 days.

Enemies

In addition to humans, who destroy the hummingbird's habitat and process parts of this bird into jewelry, the hummingbirds also have natural enemies such as snakes , cats and birds of prey .

Danger

The entire population of this species is currently not considered threatened. In the Red List of the World Conservation Union , the Anna's hummingbird is therefore listed in the "LC" (least concern) category.

Records

Anna's Hummingbird (female)

In terms of body size, Anna's hummingbirds are probably the fastest vertebrates in the world. During their courtship flights (see above) the animals reach speeds of 385 body lengths per second (corresponds to 27.3 m / s or 98.28 km / h), with acceleration values of around ten times the acceleration due to gravity . For comparison: Peregrine falcons dive at speeds of up to 200 body lengths per second, while fighter jets such as the MiG-25 (a Mach 3 fast interceptor) only reach a maximum of around 40 times their total length.

Subspecies

At the moment, no subspecies of Anna's hummingbird are known. He is considered monotypical .

Etymology and history of research

Anna's Hummingbird (male)

René Primevère Lesson described Anna's hummingbird as Ornismya Anna . He named California as the location . The type specimen was collected by Paul-Émile Botta and came into the natural history cabinet of François Victor Masséna , second Duke of Rivoli and third Prince of Essling (1799–1863) in 1829 . Later the species was assigned to the genus Calypte , newly introduced by John Gould in 1856 . The origin of the name "Calypte" is not entirely clear. Possibly the word is derived from the Greek »kalyptrē, kalyptō καλυπτρη, καλυπτω « for »veil, cover«. According to Elliott Coues (1842–1899), Calypte could be a name that emerged from Greek mythology through Calypso . The epithet "anna" dedicated Lesson Anna Debelle Massena, Princess of Essling and Duchess of Rivoli (1802-1887).

swell

literature

Dieter Poley: Hummingbirds - Trochilidae . Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei, Volume 484, 3rd edition, ISBN 3-89432-409-0
H. Folger: Hummingbirds - their way of life and attitude . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 1982, ISBN 3-8001-7073-6
S. Weidensaul: Hummingbirds - Flying Diamonds . Karl Müller, Erlangen, 1990
Bernhard Grzimek: Grzimeks animal life. Volume 7–9 birds, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich, 1993, ISBN 3-423-05970-2
James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
René Primevère Lesson : Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches, ouvrage orné de planches desinées et gravée par les meilleurs artistes et dédié A SAR Mademoiselle 81 plates (Prêtre, Antoine Germaine Bévalet, Marie Clémence Lesson based on Louis Vieillot's Charles Vieillot, Antoine William Pierre William Vieillot , Pancrace Bessa , Elisa Zoé Dumont de Sainte Croix) . Arthus-Bertrand, Paris 1829 ( online [accessed June 22, 2014]).
Elliott Coues: The Coues Check List of North American Birds . Revised to Date, and entirely Rewritten, under the Direction of the Author, with a dictionary of the Etymology, Orthographie, and Orthoepy of the scientific names, the concordance of previous lists, and a catalog of his ornithological publications. 2nd Edition. Estes ans Lauriat, Boston 1882 ( online [accessed June 22, 2014]).
John Gould: A monograph of the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds . tape 3 , delivery 11. Taylor and Francis, London 1856 ( online [accessed June 22, 2014]).

Individual evidence

↑ Anna's Hummingbird (Calypte anna)
^ University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
↑ Annakolibri, Welt.de, Science
↑ When the voice is not enough. On: Wissenschaft.de from January 30, 2008.
^ CJ Clark: Courtship dives of Anna's hummingbird offer insights into flight performance limits. In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 276, 2009, p. 3047, doi : 10.1098 / rspb.2009.0508 .
^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
↑ René Primevère Lesson, pp. XXXI, 205–206, plate 74
^ John Gould, Plates 134, 135, 136 plus accompanying text
↑ James A. Jobling, p. 86
↑ Elliott Coues, p. 74
↑ René Primevère Lesson, p. 205