Crabs
Crabs | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fiddler crab ( Uca pugilator , male) |
||||||||||||
Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Brachyura | ||||||||||||
Linnaeus , 1758 |
The crabs (Brachyura) - also real crabs or short-tailed crabs - are the largest of the order decapods (Decapoda) with approx. 6800 species . Most crab species live in the sea, but some also live in fresh water or on land. Crabs have an abdomen (pleon) that has been transformed into a short tail plate , which lies folded down under the head-chest piece (cephalothorax) - the space in between serves as a breeding space for females.
The male mating organs (gonopods) of the crabs are derived from double- branched split feet , the latter still being found as pleopods in the females (these are used in brood care and can carry hundreds of thousands of eggs). In the males, pleopods have regressed or disappeared completely. Only the first two pairs of pleopods are regularly preserved as gonopods: the first pair is tubular, the second mostly thread-shaped and located in the tube of the first, presumably according to a piston-pump principle. The first pair of legs on the trunk has been transformed into large scissors, the eyes sit on handles. Crabs can walk sideways with remarkable speed ("crab walk").
Some species of crab are considered a delicacy , especially edible crabs , deep-sea crabs, and the Japanese giant crabs .
Various other types of cancer also have a crab-like physique and are accordingly called that, especially the stone and king crab families . In northern Germany , for example , in contrast to zoological practice, shrimps are also called “crabs” (see crab fishing ). In kitchen language, crabs are usually used to refer to shrimps - especially North Sea shrimp (see North Sea crabs ).
Systematics
The crab families :
-
Podotremata de Haan , 1833
- Superfamily Cyclodorippoidea Ortmann, 1892
- Cyclodorippidae Ortmann, 1892
- Cymonomidae Bouvier, 1897
- Phyllotymolinidae Tavares, 1998
- Superfamily Homolodromioidea Alcock, 1900
- Homolodromiidae Alcock, 1900
- Superfamily Dromioidea De Haan, 1833
- Sponge Crabs (Dromiidae) De Haan, 1833
- Dynomenidae Ortmann, 1892
- Superfamily Homoloidea De Haan, 1839
- Homolidae De Haan, 1839
- Long-legged crabs (Latreilliidae) Stimpson, 1858
- Poupiniidae Guinot, 1991
- Superfamily Raninoidea De Haan, 1839
- Raninidae De Haan, 1839
- Symethidae Goeke, 1981
- Superfamily Cyclodorippoidea Ortmann, 1892
-
Eubrachyura de Saint Laurent, 1980
- Heterotremata Guinot, 1977
- Superfamily Dorippoidea MacLeay, 1838
- Dorippidae MacLeay, 1838
- Orithyiidae Dana, 1853
- Superfamily Calappoidea Milne Edwards, 1837
- Boxer crabs (Calappidae) Milne Edwards, 1837
- Hepatidae Stimpson, 1871
- Superfamily Leucosioidea Samouelle, 1819
- Ball crabs (Leucosiidae) Samouelle, 1819
- Matutidae De Hann, 1841
- Superfamily Majoidea Samouelle, 1819
- Epialtidae MacLeay, 1838
- Inachidae MacLeay, 1838
- Inachoididae Dana, 1851
- Triangular crabs, spider crabs, spider crabs, decorator crabs (Majidae) Samouelle, 1819
- Mithracidae Balss, 1929
- Pisidae Dana, 1851
- Tychidae Dana, 1851
- Superfamily Hymenosomatoidea MacLeay, 1838
- False spider crabs (Hymenosomatidae) MacLeay, 1838
- Superfamily Parthenopoidea MacLeay, 1838
- Aethridae Dana, 1851
- Dairidae Ng & Rodriguez, 1986
- Daldorfiidae Ng & Rodriguez, 1986
- Parthenopidae MacLeay, 1838
- Superfamily Retroplumoidea Gill, 1894
- Retroplumidae Gill, 1894
- Superfamily Cancroidea Latreille, 1802
- Atelecyclidae Ortmann, 1893
- Crab , rock crab (Cancridae) Latreille 1802
- Cheiragonidae Ortmann, 1893
- Corystidae Samouelle, 1819
- Pirimelidae Alcock, 1899
- Thiidae Dana, 1852
- Superfamily Portunoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Carcinidae Mac Leay, 1838
- Catopidae Borradaile, 1902
- Deep-sea crabs (Geryonidae) Colosi, 1923
- Macropipidae Stephenson & Campbell, 1960
- Primelidae Alcock, 1899
- Swimming crabs (Portunidae) Rafinesque, 1815
- Thiidae Dana, 1852
- Superfamily Bythograeoidea Williams, 1980
- Bythograeidae Williams, 1980
- Superfamily Xanthoidea MacLeay, 1838
- Carpiliidae Ortmann, 1893
- Eumedonidae Dana, 1853
- Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838
- Hexapodidae Miers, 1886
- Menippidae Ortmann, 1893
- Panopeidae Ortmann, 1893
- Woolly crabs (Pilumnidae) Samouelle, 1819
- Platyxanthidae Guinot, 1977
- Pseudorhombilidae Alcock, 1900
- Coral crabs (Trapeziidae) Miers, 1886
- Round crabs (Xanthidae) MacLeay, 1838
- Superfamily Bellioidea Dana, 1852
- Belliidae Dana, 1852
- Superfamily Potamoidea Ortmann, 1896
- Deckiidae Ortmann, 1897
- Platythelphusidae Colosi, 1920
- Potamidae Ortmann, 1896
-
Potamonautidae Bott, 1970
- Sudanonautes Bott, 1955
- Superfamily Pseudothelphusoidea Ortmann, 1893
- Pseudothelphusidae Ortmann, 1893
- Superfamily Gecarcinucoidea Rathbun, 1904
- Gecarcinucidae Rathbun, 1904
- Parathelphusidae Alcock, 1910
- Superfamily Cryptochiroidea Paulson, 1875
- Gall crabs (Cryptochiridae) Paulson, 1875
- Superfamily Dorippoidea MacLeay, 1838
- Thoracotremata Guinot, 1875
- Superfamily Pinnotheroidea De Haan, 1833
- Pinnotheridae De Haan, 1833
- Superfamily Ocypodoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Camptandriidae Stimpson, 1858
- Dotillidae Stimpson, 1858
- Heloeciidae H. Milne-Edwards, 1852
- Macrophthalmidae Dana, 1851
- Soldier crabs (Mictyridae) Dana, 1851
- Ocypodidae Rafinesque, 1815
- Palicidae Bouvier, 1898
- Ucididae Števčić, 2005
- Xenophthalmidae Stimpson, 1858
- Superfamily Grapsoidea MacLeay, 1838
- Land crabs (Gecarcinidae) MacLeay, 1838
- Glyptograpsidae Schubart, Cuesta & Felder, 2002
- Square crabs (Grapsidae) MacLeay, 1838
- Plagusiidae Dana, 1851
- Sesarmidae Dana, 1851
- Varunidae Milne Edwards, 1853
- Superfamily Pinnotheroidea De Haan, 1833
- Heterotremata Guinot, 1977
swell
- ↑ Systema Brachyurorum: Part 1. An Annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world. (PDF; 8.2 MB), Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Supplement Series, No. 17, 286 pages.
- ↑ Sammy De Grave, N. Dean Pentcheff, Shane T. Ahyong et al. : A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans . In: Raffles Bulletin of Zoology . Suppl. 21, 2009, pp. 1-109.