Witmer Stone

Witmer Stone (1866-1939)

Witmer Stone (born September 22, 1866 in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , † May 23, 1939 there ) was an American zoologist and botanist . His research focus was ornithology .

Live and act

Frederick Dawson Stone, Jr. (1872-1896)

His father, Frederick Dawson Stone Sr. (1841–1897), a librarian with the Historical Society of Pennsylvania and a historian in Philadelphia, married Anne Eveline, née Anne Eveline, on November 9, 1865. Witmer. In addition to Witmer Stone, the marriage resulted in another son named Frederick Dawson Stone, Jr. (1872-1896). Witmer Stone married Lillie May Laffert (1872–1940) on August 1, 1904. The marriage remained childless. His ancestors included English-born Quakers and Dutch people who settled in Pennsylvania. His brother tried to build the family tree with The descendants of George Steele of Barthomley, Cheshire, England and Chester Country, Pennsylvania . After his sudden death, Witmer Stone took over the compilation of the work he had started and added to it. a. an obituary for his brother.

science

Stone developed his interest in nature very early and he began to collect minerals , bird eggs and follicles , insects and plants. Since the Brown family lived in the neighborhood with a similar passion for nature, a close friendship developed with Stewardson Brown (1867–1921) in particular . Stone eventually wrote an obituary for him in the journal Cassinia , an article in which he reported on his hunting and fishing experiences with his father and brothers. He also showed how close he was to the family by writing an obituary for another brother, Amos Peaslee Brown (1864–1917), a professor of geology. He received his first training at the historic Germantown Academy , from which he moved to the University of Pennsylvania and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1887 . For his studies he received grants from the Jessup Fond, a fund that was founded after the death of Augustus Edward Jessup (1797-1859) by the Academy of Natural Sciences (AMNS) of Philadelphia. This was followed in 1891 by the Master of Arts before he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Pennsylvania in 1913. In 1937 he was finally given the Alumni Award of Merit .

Ornithology

At the beginning of his work at the AMNS the field of ornithology was orphaned and was not particularly valued. After the formative era of John Cassin (1813–1869) it was Washington, New York and Cambridge that dominated this research area in the USA. He found Cassin's bird collection almost unchanged, except that it was decayed by light and covered in dust. In 1909, for example, he published Problems in Modernizing an Old Museum , an article that reported on his experiences and problems with the Cassin bellows from that time. During the laboratory work, which he did mostly himself, he found six hundred species by Cassin, John Gould (1804-1881), John Kirk Townsend (1809-1851), John James Audubon (1785-1851) and other well-known authors. He developed a modern storage system and thus saved many hundreds of exhibits that included very rare and even extinct species. He not only looked after the birds, but also took care of the preservation of other zoological and palaeontological exhibits. The performance as a curator over twenty years must be rated even higher when you see that in addition to administrative activities and very limited resources, as well as reduced funding, he still saved the priceless collections for the descendants from decay. Starting as a paid student at the academy, he became assistant to the board of curators in 1892, member of the board of curators in 1908, executive employee of the board in 1918 and, following a restructuring of the administration, director of the museum in 1925 and finally director emeritus in 1928. In addition, he was elected Vice President of the Academy in 1927, an office he held until his death. Since 1908 he has repeatedly served on the Council of the Academy. His professional career began in 1891 as the curator of the ornithological department. In 1918 he became a curator for vertebrates, in 1943 a curator for North American birds, and in 1938 an emeritus curator for birds. Another task was chairing the library commission. When Stone started at the academy, the bird collection consisted of approximately 26,000 bellows. In 1939, the year of his death, it had risen to around 143,000 exhibits. A large part of the increase is due to the tireless efforts of Stone.

At the beginning of his time at the academy he met Spencer Trotter (1860-1931), a biologist who was chairman of the faculty at Swarthmore College until his death . It became a lifelong friendship and both inspired each other. About Trotter he learned a. a. William Lloyd Baily (1861–1947), George Spencer Morris (1867–1922), Samuel Nicholson Rhoads (1862–1952). Together with Charles A. Voelker (1857-1947) and J. Harris Reed (approx. 1862-after 1937) they founded the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club in 1890 , one of the most active ornithological societies of the time. Stone himself was one of the most important and influential members of the club. He convinced the decision-makers of the club of the necessity of his work The birds of eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey , which appeared as a publication of the club in 1894. Stone also initiated Cassinia in 1901 , the club's communications organ , for which he served for many years as the official and many more years as the unofficial publisher, replacing Abstract of proceedings of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club of Philadelphia . Stone dedicated the first article in the new magazine to John Cassin, who gave the magazine its name. The magazine mainly dealt with bird migration .

When he became a member of the American Ornithologists' Union (AOU), he met many of the most famous US ornithologists. Among them were William Brewster (1851-1919), Joel Asaph Allen (1838-1921), Charles Foster Batchelder (1856-1954), Charles Barney Cory (1857-1921), Robert Ridgway (1850-1929), Elliott Coues (1842 -1899), Clinton Hart Merriam (1855-1942), Daniel Giraud Elliot (1835-1915), and many others. In particular with the members of the New England Zoological Club in Cambridge he cultivated an intimate relationship.

In the 1890s, sustainable bird protection for North American birds became increasingly important to the AOU. Together with William Dutcher (1846–1920), Stone campaigned for effective nature conservation laws and at the same time worked in all directions for bird protection. He worked for the Pennsylvania Audubon Society, where he was president for several decades, and also for the National Audubon Society . Before that time, there was only the Committee for the Protection of Birds, founded by the AOU in 1885, in this area. Stone became a member of this body in 1896, of which he became chairman that same year and held this office until 1901. Probably he had to give up the office because some oologists refused to accept his harsh criticism of the excessive collection of bird eggs. In 1903 he became a member of the Council for Relations with the Hat Industry, which was closely related to bird protection. In the period between 1897 and 1903 he had considerable correspondence regarding bird protection. At the same time he visited many legislative bodies to discuss the measurability of bird protection measures. His lifelong commitment to the field also resulted in the Witmer Stone Bird Sanctuary in Cape May Point being named in his honor.

Around 1910 he was accepted into the AOU committee for nomenclature and classification . He worked on the third edition of Checklist of North American Birds . Around 1919 to 1931 he was also chairman here before he was replaced by Alexander Wetmore.

Of his numerous publications, The Molting of Birds with Special Reference to the Plumages of the Smaller Land Birds of Eastern North America from 1896 and Bird studies at old Cape May from 1937 certainly stood out. The moulting and the condition of the plumage was always a research focus in his life. In his later publications, for example, he made critical comments on this subject at irregular intervals. His interest in the avifauna of the Cape May Peninsula developed long before the importance of this region for the bird world was recognized. This was due to the concentration of migration routes, the mix of land and sea birds, and the fact that the area was easily accessible from Philadelphia. There were also many rare species in the southern area that were otherwise very rare in New Jersey . Early research with his friend Samuel N. Rhoads in the region laid the foundation for his interest, and Cape Stone often became his summer residence. As his health deteriorated, he concentrated on preparing his two volumes of Bird Studies at Old Cape May , as he was no longer able to do research in the wild.

His first minor publication in 1885 was on the breeding turkey vulture in Pennsylvania and appeared in The American Naturalist ; his first article in The Auk in 1887 was on the migration of hawks in Germantown . His great interest in this research area was already evident here. In 1889, for example, the Graphic Representation of Bird Migration was published , an article dealing with the methods of logging bird migration. His article On a collection of birds from the vicinity of Bogota , about a collection by John W. Detwiler (-1898) in the area of Bogotá, was according to Frank Michler Chapman (1864-1945) the first publication on birds from this region. In 1908, at the request of the New Jersey State Museum, he published a work on the birds of New Jersey, as well as their nests and eggs. Numerous obituaries for American and foreign ornithologists came from Stone's pen.

Mammalogy

Stone was also a founding member of the American Society of Mammalogists , and served as president from 1929 to 1931. Similar to Cassin's birds, he also saved many mammal exhibits by Paul Belloni Du Chaillu (1835–1903), John Eatton Le Conte (1784–1860) and others that would have been lost to posterity without his commitment. Many of his publications on mammals have been popular articles in North America. They dealt with mammals from different regions, such as from the USA ( Descriptions of a new species of Neotoma from Pennsylvania ), from Alaska ( Report on the Birds and Mammals collected by the McIlhenny Expedition to Pt. Barrow, Alaska ), from Ecuador ( On a collection of mammals from Ecuador ), from Hawaii ( The Hawaiian rat ), from Borneo and the Ryūkyū Islands ( Descriptions of a New Rabbit from the Liu Kiu Islands and a New Flying Squirrel from Borneo ), and from Sumatra ( A. Collection of Mammals from Sumatra, with a Review of the Genera Nycticebus and Tragulus ). His major publications in this area include American animals , a book he co-published with William Everett Cram (1871-1947), and The Mammals of New Jersey .

botany

Stone was a co-founder of the Philadelphia Botanical Club . Botany was certainly not one of his main areas of interest. Nevertheless, he was committed to the club. He wrote some obituaries for members such as Charles Sumner Williamson (1857–1914), Stewardson Brown (1867–1921), William Aldworth Poyser (1882–1928), Ida Augusta Keller (1866–1932), John Wiegand Eckfeldt (1851– 1933) and Joseph Crawford (1858–1936). In his first botanical article he wrote about the white violet ( Viola renifolia ). Most of the articles in the magazines Torreya and Bartonia were about New Jersey plants. His most critical work on plants was published in 1903 under the title Racial variatian in plants and animals, with special reference to the violets of Philadelphia and vicinity . In the article, Stone also described Viola septemloba . It was Homer Doliver House (1878-1949) who recognized Stone's incorrect analysis and therefore named the plant Viola Stoneana in his honor . This name eventually turned out to be a synonym for Viola palmata . Under the direction of Nathaniel Lord Britton (1859-1934) he visited Pine Barrens on an excursion . Over the years, more and more exhibits from this area have been collected in various projects. His work The Plants of Southern New Jersey was published for the New Jersey State Museum in 1910 .

Memberships and honors

In 1882 he founded the Wilson Natural Science Association with his brother, friend Stewardson, and his younger brothers Herbert and Francis H. Brown . The members met at Stone's house and built a smaller museum and gave lectures. In 1885 he became a member of the AOU, in 1892 an elected Fellow . Eventually he became an honorary follower and, from 1912 to 1936, editor of the central organ of the AOU, the specialist journal The Auk . From 1914 to 1920 he was Vice President and from 1920 to 1923 President of the Union. In 1913 he was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society .

He was the first person to posthumously receive the William Brewster Medal in 1939 for his two-volume work Bird Studies at Old Cape May .

In 1944, the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club founded the Witmer Stone Award, which is presented to deserving members of the club. Stone was one of the founders of this association in 1890.

Dedication names

In 1923 Wharton Huber Stone honored Lurocalis semitorquatus stonei , a subspecies of the ribbon nightjar , 1931 Wilfrid Wedgewood Bowen with Saxicola torquatus stonei , a subspecies of the African stonechat , 1935 Frank Michler Chapman with Quiscalus quiscula stonei the name of a subspecies of the purple rag . With Pteronotropis stonei ( Fowler , 1921) he was also honored in a species belonging to the carp fish . In 1904 James Abram Garfield Rehn named a locust species Melanoplus stonei , which he had collected together with Stone.

Richard Bowdler Sharpe named a mangrove maustimalia ( Aethostoma witmeri ) in 1903 , a name that is now a synonym for Trichastoma rostratum macropterum ( Salvadori , 1868). Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee described a species under the name Myiophoneus stonei in 1929 , which is now considered a synonym for a subspecies of the purple whistle thrush Myophonus caeruleus eugenei Hume , 1873. Francis Harper dedicated a subspecies Holbrookia propinqua stonei from the genus of the pigeon iguanas ( Holbrookia ) to him in 1932 , which is now a synonym for the nominate form Holbrookia propinqua Baird & Girard , 1852. With Synaptomys stonei , Samuel Nicholson Rhoads described another synonym for the southern moor lemming ( Synaptomys cooperi ) for his friend in 1893 .

First descriptions by Witmer Stone

Stone has described numerous genera, species, and subspecies that were new to science. Chronologically, this includes:

• Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis venezuelensis Stone , 1891
• Virginiauhu Bubo virginianus subarcticus (occidentalis) (= Bubo virginianus occidentalis) Stone , 1896
• Virginiauhu Bubo virginianus pallescens Stone , 1897
• Meadowlark Sturnella magna hoopesi Stone , 1897
• Owl Athene cunicularia tolimae ( Stone , 1899)
• Mangrove cuckoo Coccyzus minor (abbotti) (= Coccyzus minor abbotti) Stone , 1899
• Southern house wren Troglodytes musculus columbae Stone , 1899
• Ryukyu rabbit ( Pentalagus furnessi ) ( Stone , 1900)
• Eichhorn devil Piaya cayana nigricrissa (boliviana) (= Piaya cayana boliviana) Stone 1909
• The monotypical genus Limnothlypis with the Swainson's wood warbler ( Limnothlypis swainsonii ) Stone , 1914
• Blue-bellied hummingbird Lepidopyga lilliae Stone , 1917
• Texas Woodpecker Picoides scalaris cactophilus (Giraudi) (= Picoides scalaris Giraudi) ( Stone , 1920)
• Owl Athene cunicularia carrikeri ( Stone , 1922)
• Mountain Musk Thrush Catharus frantzii juancitonis Stone , 1931
• Rust-browed wren Troglodytes rufociliatus rehni Stone , 1932

Fonts (selection)

• The Turkey Buzzard breeding in Pennsylvania . In: The American Naturalist . tape 19 , no. 4 , 1885, p. 407 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• A Migration of Hawks at Germantown, Pa. In: The Auk . tape 4 , no. 2 , 1887, p. 161 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 53 kB ; accessed on January 29, 2015]).
• Graphic Representation of Bird Migration . In: The Auk . tape 6 , no. 2 , 1887, p. 139–144 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 249 kB ; accessed on January 29, 2015]).
• The Delaware Valley Ornithological Club . In: The Auk . tape 7 , no. 3 , 1890, p. 298–299 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 102 kB ; accessed on June 19, 2015]).
• A Revision of the Species of Molothrus Allied To M. Bonariensis (Gm.) . In: The Auk . tape 8 , no. 4 , 1891, p. 344–347 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 169 kB ; accessed on June 19, 2015]).
• A new Evotomys from Southern New Jersey . In: The American naturalist . tape 27 , no. 313 , 1893, pp. 54–56 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• Descriptions of a new species of Neotoma from Pennsylvania . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 45 , 1893, pp. 16-18 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• The birds of eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey, with introductory chapters on geographical distribution and migration, prepared under the direction of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club . Delaware Valley Ornithological Club, Philadelphia 1894 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• A Revision of the North American Horned Owls with Description of a New Subspecies . In: The Auk . tape 13 , no. 2 , 1896, p. 153–156 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 165 kB ; accessed on June 19, 2015]).
• The Molting of Birds with Special Reference to the Plumages of the Smaller Land Birds of Eastern North America . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 48 , 1896, pp. 108–167 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• A protest against Quadrinomialism . In: Science (=  New Series ). tape 4 , no. 87 , 1896, pp. 270-271 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• The Genus Sturnella . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 49 , 1897, pp. 146–152 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• Proper name for the Western Horned Owl of North America . In: The American naturalist . tape 31 , no. 363 , 1897, pp. 236–337 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• Some Philadelphia ornithological collections and collectors, 1784-1850 . In: The Auk . tape 16 , no. 2 , 1899, pp. 166–177 ( sora.unm.edu [PDF; 539 kB ; accessed on June 19, 2015]).
• A study of the type specimens of birds in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, with a brief history of the collection . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 51 , 1899, pp. 5-62 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• On a collection of birds from the vicinity of Bogota, with a review of the South American species of Speotypo and Troglodytes . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 51 , 1899, pp. 302-313 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• A new species of Coccyzus from St. Andrews . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 51 , 1899, pp. 301 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• Winter plumages: illustrated by the Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Zamelodia ludoviciana) . In: The Auk . tape 16 , no. 4 , 1899, pp. 305–308 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 229 kB ; accessed on June 19, 2015]).
• The Pumas of the Western United States . In: Science (=  New Series ). tape 9 , no. 210 , 1899, pp. 34–35 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• Report on the Birds and Mammals collected by the McIlhenny Expedition to Pt. Barrow, Alaska . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 52 , 1900, pp. 4-49 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• Descriptions of a New Rabbit from the Liu Kiu Islands and a New Flying Squirrel from Borneo . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 52 , 1900, pp. 460-463 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• John Cassin . In: Proceedings of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club. - 'Cassinia' . tape 5 , 1901, pp. 1-7 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• Felis Oregonensis Raf. again! In: Science (=  New Series ). tape 15 , no. 378 , 1902, pp. 510-271 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• with James Abram Garfield Rehn: A Collection of Mammals from Sumatra, with a Review of the Genera Nycticebus and Tragulus . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 54 , 1902, pp. 127–142 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• Viola renifolia in the Pennsylvania Alleghanies . In: Torreya . tape 2 , 1902, pp. 75 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 21, 2014]).
• Arisaema pusillum in the Pennsylvania Alleghanies . In: Torreya . tape 3 , 1903, pp. 171–172 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 21, 2014]).
• with James Abram Garfield Rehn: On the terrestrial vertebrates of portions of southern New Mexico and western Texas . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 55 , 1903, pp. 656-699 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• Racial variatian in plants and animals, with special reference to the violets of Philadelphia and vicinity . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 55 , 1903, pp. 656-699 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• Notes on a Collection of Californian Mammals . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 56 , 1904, pp. 586-591 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• mit William Everett Cram: American animals: a popular guide to the mammals of North America north of Mexico, with intimate biographies of the more familiar species . Doubleday, Page & Co., New York 1905 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• On a Collection of Birds and Mammals from the Colorado Delta, Lower California . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 57 , 1905, pp. 676–688 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• On a collection of birds from British East Africa obtained by George L. Harrison . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 57 , 1905, pp. 755-782 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• The relative merits of the 'Elimination' and 'First Species' method in fixing the types of Genera - With special reference to ornithology . In: Science (=  New Series ). tape 24 , no. 618 , 1906, pp. 560-564 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• Some Light on Night Migration . In: The Auk . tape 23 , no. 3 , 1906, pp. 249–252 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 175 kB ; accessed on June 19, 2015]).
• A Bibliography and Nomenclature of the Ornithological Works of John James Audubon . In: The Auk . tape 23 , no. 3 , 1906, pp. 298–312 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 638 kB ; accessed on June 19, 2015]).
• The Mammals of New Jersey . In: Annual report of the New Jersey State Museum . tape 63 , 1907, pp. 33–211 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• Some new plants for southern New Jersey . In: Torreya . tape 7 , 1907, pp. 39-40 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 21, 2014]).
• Rhynchospora rariflora in southern New Jersey . In: Torreya . tape 8 , 1908, pp. 16-17 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 21, 2014]).
• The Coastal Strip of New Jersey and the Rediscovery of Lilaeopsis . In: Bartonia; proceedings of the Philadelphia Botanical Club . tape 1 , 1908, p. 20–24 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 21, 2014]).
• The birds of New Jersey their nests and eggs and notes on New Jersey Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles . In: Annual report of the New Jersey State Museum . tape 4 , 1908, pp. 11–432 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• A review of the genus Piaya Lesson . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 60 , 1908, pp. 492-501 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• Problems in Modernizing an Old Museum . In: Proceedings of the American Association of Museums . tape 3 , 1909, pp. 122–127 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
• Thomas B. Wilson, MD In: Proceedings of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club. - 'Cassinia' . tape 13 , 1909, pp. 1-6 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• The Plants of Southern New Jersey with Special Reference to the Flora of the Pine Barrens and the Geographic Distribution of the Species . In: Annual report of the New Jersey State Museum . tape 6 , 1910, pp. 25-828 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• New plants of New Jersey . In: Bartonia; proceedings of the Philadelphia Botanical Club . tape 2 , 1910, pp. 26 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 21, 2014]).
• Brachiaria digitariodes from New Jersey . In: Bartonia; proceedings of the Philadelphia Botanical Club . tape 2 , 1910, pp. 26-27 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 21, 2014]).
• Abama americana (Ker) Morong . In: Bartonia; proceedings of the Philadelphia Botanical Club . tape 4 , 1912, pp. 1-5 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 21, 2014]).
• A protest against changing the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature . In: Science (=  New Series ). tape 35 , no. 908 , 1912, pp. 817-819 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• On a collection of mammals from Ecuador . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 66 , 1914, pp. 9-19 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• Eaton's 'Birds of New York' . In: The Auk . tape 31 , no. 4 , 1914, pp. 550–551 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 1,2 MB ; accessed on June 19, 2015]).
• Swarth's List of Arizona Birds . In: The Auk . tape 31 , no. 4 , 1914, pp. 551–552 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 114 kB ; accessed on June 19, 2015]).
• Aiken and Warren on the Birds of El Paso County, Colorado . In: The Auk . tape 31 , no. 4 , 1914, pp. 552 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 57 kB ; accessed on June 19, 2015]).
• Mathews' Birds of Australia . In: The Auk . tape 31 , no. 4 , 1914, pp. 552 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 57 kB ; accessed on June 19, 2015]).
• Bannerman on the Ornithology of the Canary Islands . In: The Auk . tape 31 , no. 4 , 1914, pp. 552–553 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 116 kB ; accessed on June 19, 2015]).
• The New Nature Library . In: The Auk . tape 31 , no. 4 , 1914, pp. 553 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 64 kB ; accessed on June 19, 2015]).
• Recent Publications on Economic Ornithology . In: The Auk . tape 31 , no. 4 , 1914, pp. 553–554 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 120 kB ; accessed on June 19, 2015]).
• Types of Bird Genera, Limnothlypis, New Genus . In: Science (=  New Series ). tape 40 , no. 1018 , 1914, pp. 26 , doi : 10.1126 / science.40.1018.26 .
• Charles Sumner Williamson . In: Bartonia; proceedings of the Philadelphia Botanical Club . tape 7 , 1914, pp. 1–5 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 21, 2014] with picture).
• A new hummingbird from Colombia . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 69 , 1917, pp. 203-204 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• The Hawaiian rat . In: Occasional papers (Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum) . tape 3 , no. 4 , 1917, pp. 253-260 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• Amos Peaslee Brown . In: Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society . tape 57 , no. 7 , 1918, pp. iii-xv ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• The use and abuse of the genus . In: Science (=  New Series ). tape 51 , no. 1322 , 1920, pp. 427-429 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• Supplementary Note on JP Giraud . In: The Auk . tape 37 , no. 1 , 1920, p. 146 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 44 kB ; accessed on June 19, 2015]).
• A New Burrowing Owl from Colombia . In: The Auk . tape 39 , no. 1 , 1922, pp. 84 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 52 kB ; accessed on June 19, 2015]).
• Stewardson Brown . In: Proceedings of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club. - 'Cassinia' . tape 24 (1920/21) , July 1923, pp. 1-7 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• George Spencer Morris . In: Proceedings of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club. - 'Cassinia' . tape 25 (1922/24) , February 1926, pp. 1-5 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• Stewardson Brown . In: Bartonia; proceedings of the Philadelphia Botanical Club . tape 8 , 1924, pp. 1–6 (with picture) ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 21, 2014]).
• Mathews's "The Birds of Australia" . In: The Auk . tape 44 , no. 3 , 1927, pp. 435–442 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 431 kB ; accessed on June 19, 2015]).
• William Aldworth Poyser . In: Bartonia; proceedings of the Philadelphia Botanical Club . tape 11 , 1929, pp. 49-50 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 21, 2014]).
• Spencer Trotter, 1860-1931 . In: Proceedings of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club. - 'Cassinia' . tape 28 (1929/30) , March 1932, pp. 1–8 (English, dvoc.org [PDF; 3.3 MB ; accessed on June 19, 2015]).
• Edward Arthur Butler . In: The Auk . tape 34 , no. 1 , 1930, p. 114 ( sora.unm.edu [PDF; 379 kB ; accessed on June 19, 2015]).
• The Work of William, Son of John Bartram . In: Bartonia; proceedings of the Philadelphia Botanical Club . tape 12 (Supplement), 1931, p. 20-23 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 21, 2014]).
• Three New Birds from Honduras . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 83 , 1931, pp. 1-3 , JSTOR : 4064092 .
• The Birds of Honduras with Special Reference to a Collection Made in 1930 by John T. Emlen, Jr., and C. Brooke Worth . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 84 , 1932, pp. 291-342 , JSTOR : 4064133 .
• Ida Augusta Keller (1866-1932) . In: Bartonia; proceedings of the Philadelphia Botanical Club . tape 14 , 1932, p. 59-60 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 21, 2014]).
• The Type Locality of Balaena Cisarctica Cope . In: Journal of Mammalogy . tape 13 , no. 1 , 1932, p. 81-82 , doi : 10.1093 / jmammal / 1/13/81 .
• In memoriam: Charles Wallace Richmond 1868–1932 . In: The Auk . tape 50 , no. 1 , 1933, pp. 1–22 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 1.1 MB ; accessed on June 19, 2015]).
• John W. Eckfeldt (1851-1933) . In: Bartonia; proceedings of the Philadelphia Botanical Club . tape 15 , 1933, pp. 57–59 (with picture) ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 21, 2014]).
• Mathews on the Birds of Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands and New Zealand . In: The Auk . tape 53 , no. 4 , 1936, pp. 459 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 74 kB ; accessed on June 19, 2015]).
• with illustrations by Earl L. Poole, Conrad Roland, Richard E. Bishop, J. Fletcher Street, Herbert Brown: Bird studies at old Cape May; an ornithology of coastal New Jersey . 1st edition. tape 1 . Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia: Delaware Valley Ornithological Club, Lancaster, PA 1937.
• with illustrations by Earl L. Poole, Conrad Roland, Richard E. Bishop, J. Fletcher Street, Herbert Brown: Bird studies at old Cape May; an ornithology of coastal New Jersey . 1st edition. tape 2 . Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia: Delaware Valley Ornithological Club, Lancaster, PA 1937.
• John Crawford . In: Bartonia; proceedings of the Philadelphia Botanical Club . tape 15 , 1938, pp. 54-55 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 21, 2014]).
• Bird studies at old Cape May; an ornithology of coastal New Jersey with introduction by Roger Tory Peterson . 2nd Edition. tape 1 . Dover Publications Inc., New York 1965.
• Bird studies at old Cape May; an ornithology of coastal New Jersey wih introduction by Roger Tory Peterson . 2nd Edition. tape 2 . Dover Publications Inc., New York 1965.

literature

• James Abram Garfield Rehn: In Memoriam: Witmer Stone . In: The Auk . tape 58 , no. 3 , 1941, pp. 299–313 ( sora.unm.edu [PDF; 9.2 MB ; accessed on June 21, 2014]).
• Wharton Huber: Witmer Stone (1866 to 1939) . In: Journal of Mammalogy . tape 21 , no. 1 , 1940, p. 1-4 ( mammalsociety.org [PDF; 697 kB ; accessed on June 21, 2014]).
• Francis Whittier Pennell: The Botanical Work of Witmer Stone . In: Bartonia; proceedings of the Philadelphia Botanical Club . tape 20 , January 10, 1940, p. 33-37 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 21, 2014]).
• in Frederick Dawson Stone, Jr .: The descendants of George Steele of Barthomley, Cheshire, England and Chester Country, Pennsylvania . Private Distribution, Philadelphia 1886 ( dcms.lds.org [accessed September 9, 2015]).
• Richard Bowdler Sharpe: A hand-list of the genera and species of birds: nomenclator avium tum fossilium tum viventium . tape 4 . Order of the Trustees, London 1903 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 12, 2015]).
• Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee: Descriptions of Three New Birds from Northern Siam . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 89 , 1929, pp. 469-470 .
• Frank Michler Chapman: Further Remarks on the Relationships of the Grackles of the Subgenus Quiscalu . In: The Auk . tape 52 , no. 1 , 1935, p. 21–29 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 498 kB ; accessed on January 29, 2015]).
• Wharton Huber: Two New Birds from Nicaragua . In: The Auk . tape 52 , no. 2 , 1923, pp. 300–302 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 143 kB ; accessed on January 29, 2015]).
• Wilfrid Wedgewood Bowen: The South African Forms of Saxicola torquata: Ninth Pre-Liminary Paper on the Birds Collected during the Gray African Expedition . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 83 , 1931, pp. 7-9 .
• James Abram Garfield Rehn: A new Melanoplus from New Jersey . In: Entomological News . tape 45 , 1904, pp. 85-87 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 12, 2015]).
• Henry Weed Fowler: Description of a New Cyprinoid Fish (Notropis stonei) with Notes on Other Fishes Obtained in the United States . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 72 (1920) , 1921, pp. 385-402 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 12, 2015]).
• Francis Harper: A new Texas subspecies of the lizard genus Holbrookia . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 45 , 1932, p. 15-18 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 12, 2015]).
• Samuel Nicholson Rhoads: A new Synaptomys from New Jersey . In: The American naturalist . tape 27 , no. 313 , 1893, pp. 53–54 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 12, 2015]).
• Lawrence Emerson Hicks: The Fifty-Seventh Stated Meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union . In: The Auk . tape 57 , no. 1 , 1940, p. 141–149 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 454 kB ; accessed on January 29, 2015]).
• Frank Michler Chapman : The distribution of bird-life in Colombia: a contribution to a biological survey of South America . In: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History . tape 36 , 1917, pp. 1-729 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [accessed June 19, 2015]).
• Homer Doliver House: Notes on New Jersey violets . In: Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club . tape 32 , 1905, pp. 253-260 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 21, 2014]).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Frederick Dawson Stone
2. ↑ ^{a b} Wharton Huber, p. 2.
3. ↑ James Abram Garfield Rehn (1941), p. 313.
4. ↑ James Abram Garfield Rehn (1941), p. 299.
5. ^ Frederick Dawson Stone, Jr. (1886).
6. ↑ ^{a b} James Abram Garfield Rehn (1941), p. 300.
7. ↑ James Abram Garfield Rehn (1941), p. 301.
8. ^ Witmer Stone (1909), pp. 122-127.
9. ↑ James Abram Garfield Rehn (1941), p. 302.
10. ↑ ^{a b} James Abram Garfield Rehn (1941), p. 303.
11. ↑ James Abram Garfield Rehn (1941), p. 304.
12. ↑ ^{a b} James Abram Garfield Rehn (1941), p. 305.
13. ↑ ^{a b c} James Abram Garfield Rehn (1941), p. 306.
14. ↑ James Abram Garfield Rehn (1941), p. 307.
15. ^ Witmer Stone (1885), p. 407.
16. ^ Witmer Stone (1887), p. 161.
17. ^ Witmer Stone (1889), pp. 139-144.
18. ↑ Frank Michler Chapman, p. 13.
19. ^ Witmer Stone (1908)
20. ↑ James Abram Garfield Rehn (1941), p. 309.
21. ^ ^{A b} Francis Whittier Pennell, p. 35.
22. ↑ Homer Doliver House, p. 253.
23. ^ Member History: Witmer Stone. American Philosophical Society, accessed December 5, 2018 . 
24. ↑ Lawrence Emerson Hicks, 142.
25. ↑ Wharton Huber, p. 300.
26. ↑ Wilfrid Wedgewood Bowen, p. 8.
27. ↑ Frank Michler Chapman, p. 25 (footnote).
28. ^ Henry Weed Fowler, p. 393.
29. ↑ James Abram Garfield Rehn (1904), p. 85.
30. ^ Richard Bowdler Sharpe, p. 358.
31. ↑ Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee, p. 470.
32. ^ Francis Harper, p. 16.
33. ↑ Samuel Nicholson Rhoads, p. 54.