Red-necked woodpecker

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Red-necked woodpecker
Red-necked woodpecker ♀

Red-necked woodpecker ♀

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Woodpecker birds (Piciformes)
Family : Woodpeckers (Picidae)
Genre : Campephilus
Type : Red-necked woodpecker
Scientific name
Campephilus rubricollis
( Boddaert , 1783)

The red-necked woodpecker ( Campephilus rubricollis ) is a Neotropical woodpecker from the genus Campephilus . The three subspecies C. r. rubricollis , C. r. trachelopyrus and C. r. olallae differentiated.

features

The red-necked woodpecker reaches a size of 30 to 32 cm and a weight of 178 to 239 g. The male of the nominate form has a small, oval, black and white spot on the lower back ear-covers. The rest of the head, the crown of the head, the nape of the neck and the uppermost area of ​​the coat are bright red. The feathers of the neck and sides of the head are black with a cinnamon band underneath the red tip. The top is black to brownish black. The upper wings are black. The base of the hand wings is colored red-brown on the inside flags and on the shafts. Occasionally the feathers of the hand wings in the fresh plumage have very small, light red-brown to whitish tips. The upper tail is black. The underside of the tail is red-brown to cinnamon-reddish brown. The feathers of the upper and occasionally the lower breast have red tips. The lower wings are red-brown, the wing-coverts are darker with a black tip and rear edge. The long beak is almost straight, chisel-shaped and broad over the nostrils. Its color is light ivory to gray or light yellow. The iris is yellowish-white, the legs are black-gray or olive. The ear patch is missing in the female. Instead, a black-lined, broad, white cheek stripe runs from the base of the beak to the lower ear covers. The juvenile birds are more dull in color than the adult birds. They are more brownish-black and orange-red. Young males have a white line on the cheeks, usually with a few red tips but no black edges. A slight black fletching can be seen on the throat. The young females have the facial pattern of the adult females, but the forehead and front parting are more black. The subspecies trachelopyrus is larger, darker and more chestnut-colored on the underside than the nominate form. The red tips of the feathers run to the lower breast or to the stomach. Both the inside and outside flags of the arm and hand wings are reddish brown. The subspecies olallae is slightly smaller than trachelopyrus and lighter in color.

Vocalizations

The call consists of explosive, nasal sounds that sound like "ngkah-ngkah", "kiahh" and "querra-querra", similar to the call of the black -throated woodpecker ( Campephilus melanoleucos ). The drumming is a loud double tap consisting of "to-ro" tones.

Subspecies and their distribution

Campephilus rubricollis rubricollis ( Boddaert , 1783) is distributed from eastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador to Venezuela, Guyana , French Guiana and northern Brazil (north of the Amazon). Campephilus rubricollis trachelopyrus ( Malherbe , 1857) occurs from northeastern Peru and western Brazil (south of the Amazon) to south to western central Bolivia ( La Paz ). The distribution area of Campephilus rubricollis olallae ( Gyldenstolpe , 1945) includes Brazil south of the Amazon, from the Rio Madeira east to Pará and Maranhão and the north of Mato Grosso and central Bolivia ( Departamento Cochabamba ). In the southwest of their range, the races rubricollis and trachelopyrus occur sympatric .

habitat

The habitat includes various forest landscapes, including rainforests, terra-firme and Várzea forests, cloud forests, forest edges, light secondary forests, semi-open forests on sandy soils and bush forests in savannah regions. The red-necked woodpecker is often seen in the lowlands, usually at altitudes up to 600 m. It occurs locally up to 1800 m (southern Venezuela, northwest Brazil) and 2400 m (La Paz, Bolivia).

Eating behavior

The red-necked woodpecker feeds on large larvae, including beetles and borer (Pyralidae). It is a resident bird and looks for food on the trunks and branches of large trees in pairs or in small family groups in the middle and upper tree regions. He often visits the lower tree regions or the canopy of leaves.

Reproductive behavior

In the north of the distribution area, the breeding season takes place from January to May. In Ecuador it is in November and in Peru in September. The nest is in living or dead tree trunks and has an oval entrance. A cub is being raised. Further information is not known.

status

BirdLife International classifies the red-necked woodpecker as "not endangered" ( least concern ). It is often the most common large woodpecker in its range. It is quite rare in Ecuador and only appears to be local there. It is quite common in Peru. It occurs in several protected areas, including the Canaima National Park , the Reserva forestal de Imataca (Venezuela), the Amacayacu National Park (Colombia), the Cuyabeno Nature Reserve (Ecuador), the Reserva Nacional Tambopata (Peru) and the Parque Estadual do Cristalino (Brazil).

literature

  • Hans Winkler , David Christie: Family Picidae (Woodpeckers). In: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal: Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 7: Jacamars to Woodpeckers. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2002, ISBN 84-87334-37-7 , p. 531.

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