Throatbind woodpecker
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Throatbind woodpecker ( Campethera tullbergi ) |
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| Campethera tullbergi | ||||||||||
| Sjöstedt , 1892 |
The Kehl binding Woodpecker ( Campethera tullbergi ) is a species of bird from the family of woodpeckers (Picidae). The strongly disjoint distribution area of the species comprises three areas in West and East Africa . The throatbind woodpecker lives in moist mountain forests. The food sought in the crown region consists, as far as known, mainly of ants and caterpillars.
The species is locally quite common or not rare. There are no concrete indications of a decline in the population, so the IUCN classifies the throat-bindweed woodpecker as safe ("least concern").
description
Throat-banded woodpeckers are small woodpeckers with a medium-long beak that is quite narrow at the base. The ridge of the beak is slightly curved downwards. The body length is about 18-20 cm, the weight 43-66 g; they are therefore somewhat smaller and significantly lighter than a great spotted woodpecker . The species shows a clear sexual dimorphism in terms of coloration .
In males of the subspecies C. t. taeniolaema with the largest area of distribution, the upper side of the trunk including the rump and upper tail-coverts is green with a shade of yellow, the rump is occasionally lightly dashed or banded. The upper wing coverts are also green and have yellow edges. The wings are brown with yellow-green fringes on the outside flags and yellowish white bands on the inside flags . The control feathers are dark brown on top with yellow tips and green edges. The entire underside of the trunk is finely banded in black on a light greenish yellow background. The under wing-coverts and the under-tail are yellowish, the latter is occasionally banded with a fine brownish color.
The fletching of the forehead and skull is black with red tips, the back of the head is solid red. The chin and sides of the head are finely banded in black waves on a grayish white background, occasionally a dark field or a few dark spots are present behind the eye. The sides of the neck and nape are yellow-green with black banding.
The upper bill is gray-black to black, the lower bill bluish gray or green-gray. Legs and toes are dull olive green or yellow green. The iris is red.
In the female, the forehead and feathers of the upper head are black with white spots, the red area is limited to the neck. Also, the top reins almost always show some red feathers.
Vocalizations
A lined up "kweek-kweek-kweek" is described , further calls are apparently not known so far.
Systematics
Winkler et al. recognize three well-differentiated subspecies:
- Campethera tullbergi taeniolaema Reichenow & Neumann , 1895 - east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo , west and east Uganda , south to west Tanzania , also Kenya west of the Rift Valley . The subspecies is described above.
- Campethera tullbergi hausburgi Sharpe , 1900 - Kenya east of the Rift Valley. Compared to the previous subspecies top and bottom more yellow, underside more closely banded. In some individuals the banding is not continuous, similar to the nominate form .
- Campethera tullbergi tullbergi Sjöstedt , 1892 - Southeast Nigeria , West Cameroon and Bioko Island . Very different from the other two subspecies. On average somewhat larger and more long-billed than this, upper side more green and less yellow, head to chest not banded, but finely dotted, the rest of the underside of the trunk is interrupted banded or strongly spotted. The outer small upper wing-coverts are strongly spotted and have red tips; the resulting small red area on the wing tip is unique among woodpeckers.
The first two subspecies mentioned above were temporarily combined as a separate species and separated from the nominate form .
distribution and habitat
This species of woodpecker inhabits three disjoint areas in West and East Africa (see section Systematics). The size of the total distribution area is estimated at 282,000 km².
The species inhabits moist mountain forests at altitudes between 900 and 3000 m. The animals seem to prefer narrow valleys and forest edges.
Way of life
Throat-banded woodpeckers join mixed flocks of birds. As far as is known, the food sought in the crown region consists mainly of ants and caterpillars and is probably obtained primarily by probing in epiphytes such as mosses and lichens .
The caves are built in trees, and the eggs are likely to be laid in October and November. Further information on the breeding biology is not yet available.
Existence and endangerment
Information on the size of the world population is not available. The species is locally quite common or not rare. There are no concrete indications of a decline in the population, so the IUCN classifies the throat-bindweed woodpecker as safe ("least concern").
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hans Winkler, David A. Christie and David Nurney: Woodpeckers. A Guide to the Woodpeckers, Piculets, and Wrynecks of the World. Pica Press, Robertsbridge 1995: p. 235
- ↑ The throat-linked woodpecker at BirdLife International (online, accessed April 9, 2011)
literature
- Hans Winkler , David A. Christie and David Nurney: Woodpeckers. A Guide to the Woodpeckers, Piculets, and Wrynecks of the World. Pica Press, Robertsbridge 1995, ISBN 0-395-72043-5 , pp. 76-77 and 234-235.
Web links
- Campethera tullbergi in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2010. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2009. Accessed April 9, 2011th
Other web links
- Videos, photos and sound recordings about Campethera tullbergi in the Internet Bird Collection