Black bone-wolf
| Black bone-wolf | ||||||||||||
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Black Bone Twig ( Osteoglossum ferreirai ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Osteoglossum ferreirai | ||||||||||||
| Kanazawa , 1966 |
The black bonesfish ( Osteoglossum ferreirai ) is a large freshwater fish that occurs in northern South America, in the Río Negro basin , in the Rio Vichada and in the lower reaches of the Río Tomo . The latter rivers are located in eastern Colombia and belong to the Orinoco basin . Since the black bones found there show no genetic differences from those from the Rio Negro area, it is assumed that they were introduced by humans.
features
The Black Bone Bone is 90 cm long and as an adult it can easily be confused with the Arowana ( Osteoglossum bicirrhosum ). Only metric data differentiate the two types. The black bone-tonger has 52 to 58 branched fin rays in the dorsal fin, the Arowana only 42 to 50. In the anal fin the ratio is 61 to 67 to 49 to 58. The anal fin rays are unbranched. The pectoral fins are supported by one hard and six soft fin rays. The number of scales along the sideline is 37 to 40 in the Black Bone Tender and 30 to 37 in the Arowana, the number of vertebrae is 96 to 100 in the Black Bone Tender and 84 to 92 in the Arowana. Black bones have 27 different chromosomes (2n = 54), Arowanas 28 (2n = 56).
Adult black bones show a steel-gray to dark bluish color on their back and become increasingly lighter towards the belly. Dorsal, anal and caudal fins have a yellow or red border. The fry are black and show numerous yellow patterns on their heads, bodies and tails up to a length of 15 cm.
Way of life
The black bonesfish live close to the banks on the surface of rivers and lakes. During the rainy season he wanders into the flooded forest areas. It is an opportunistic predatory fish that prey on smaller fish and other small vertebrates, but above all insects and other arthropods . Prey animals that are on leaves or branches above the water are captured in jumps. Like all bones, O. ferreirai is a mouthbrooder in which the males take the 50 to 250 eggs laid by the female in their mouth and carry them around for about 60 days.
literature
- María Doris Escobar L., Izeni P. Farias, Donald C. Taphorn B., Miguel Landines & Tomas Hrbek: Molecular diagnosis of the arowanas Osteoglossum ferreirai Kanazawa, 1966 and O. bicirrhossum (Cuvier, 1829) from the Orinoco and Amazon River basins . Neotropical Ichthyology, 11 (2): 335-340, 2013, Copyright © 2013 Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia, PDF
- Kanazawa, RH 1966. The fishes of the genus Osteoglossum with a description of a new species from the Rio Negro. Aquarium Journal (April): 141-172.
- Reis, RE, SO Kullander and CJ Ferraris, Jr. (2003): Check list of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America . CLOFFSCA. 2003: i-xi + 1-729.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Suzuki, A. 1982. Karyotypes of two species of arowana, Osteoglossum bicirrhosum and O. ferreirai. Gyoruigaku zasshi (Japanese Journal of Ichthyology) 29 (2): 220-222. PDF
- ↑ Christoph Krapp: The youth coloring of Osteoglossum ferreirai Kanazawa (teleostei, osteoglossidae). Zeitschrift für Morphologie der Tiere, 1974, Volume 78, Issue 3, Pages 257-262, doi: 10.1007 / BF00375744 .
Web links
- Black Bonebreaker on Fishbase.org (English)
- Osteoglossum ferreirai in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 2009. Posted by: rice, R Lima, F., 2009. Retrieved on July 8, 2013.