Black ribbon

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Black ribbon
Black ribbon (Mormo maura)

Black ribbon ( Mormo maura )

Systematics
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Superfamily : Noctuoidea
Family : Owl butterfly (Noctuidae)
Subfamily : Xyleninae
Genre : Mormo
Type : Black ribbon
Scientific name
Mormo maura
( Linnaeus , 1758)

The black ribbon ( Mormo maura , syn .: Mania maura ) is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the owl butterflies (Noctuidae).

The German name "Schwarzes Ordensband" is systematically misleading, because the species does not belong to the genus of ribbons, but forms its own genus.

features

butterfly

With a wingspan of 63 to 74 millimeters, the moths are among the larger species. The forewings are very broad and dark brown in color, with the middle field clearly highlighted in black brown. There are some striking black streak marks on the front edge. The wavy line is wide and dark. Ring and kidney blemishes are lightly rimmed. The wide black band in front of the hem on the hind wings, which is bordered with yellow-brown lines, is typical of the species. There are some brown hairs on the thorax and abdomen. The antennae of the males are provided with short eyelashes, those of the females are thread-shaped.

Egg, caterpillar, pupa

The egg has a spherical shape, but is slightly flattened at the upper pole and strongly flattened at the lower pole. It shimmers whitish to yellowish. The surface is provided with strong longitudinal ribs, but only a few of them reach the micropyl zone.

Adult caterpillars are brown in color. They look thick and walnut. A yellowish-gray elevation and a yellowish-white, thick black-lined horizontal line can be seen on the eleventh segment. The whitish back and side back lines run irregularly. There are light, black bordered slashes on the sides. The spiracles are colored red and outlined in black.

The reddish brown doll shows blue tires as well as two curved thorns and some fine bristles on the cremaster .

Similar species

The species is unmistakable due to the size of the moths and their distinctive wing markings.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The black ribbon is spread from northwest Africa through all of southern Europe. It reaches its northern border in the west in Northern Ireland and Central Scotland, in Central Europe, however, already in Northern Germany and Poland. There are individual finds in some Nordic countries . Other occurrences include Asia Minor , the Middle East , Iraq and Turkestan . In the Alps, the animals rise to a height of around 1000 meters. The Black Ribbon is mainly found near water, i.e. in river valleys, floodplains, moors, as well as in the banks of streams, ponds and lakes.

Way of life

The nocturnal moths sometimes suckle on bleeding trees and like to visit bait on which they sometimes appear in numbers, on the other hand they rarely seek artificial light sources. The main flight times are July and August. The caterpillars develop from August, overwinter and pupate in May of the following year in a dense, water-repellent web on the ground. They feed on the leaves of various lower plants, such as dandelion ( Taraxacum ), common sorrel ( Rumex acetosa ) or nettle ( Urtica dioica ) as well as woody plants growing near water, such as alder ( Alnus ), willow ( Salix ) and poplars ( Populus ). They prefer to stay on the lower branches.

Danger

In Germany, the Black Ribbon is usually rare and is included on the Red List of Threatened Species on the warning list.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Michael Fibiger, Hermann Hacker: Amphipyrinae, Condicinae, Eriopinae, Xyleninae (part) . In: Michael Fibiger, László Ronkay, Barry Goater, Martin Honey (eds.): Noctuidae Europaeae . tape 9 . Entomological Press, Sorø 2007, ISBN 978-87-89430-11-9 (English).
  2. ↑ Walter Forster, Theodor A. Wohlfahrt: The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 4: Owls. (Noctuidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 3-440-03752-5 .
  3. ^ Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition. tape 6 . Moth IV. Noctuidae 2nd part. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1997, ISBN 3-8001-3482-9 .
  4. ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany . Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 1998, ISBN 3-89624-110-9 .

literature

  • Michael Fibiger, Hermann Hacker: Amphipyrinae, Condicinae, Eriopinae, Xyleninae (part) . In: Michael Fibiger, László Ronkay, Barry Goater, Martin Honey (eds.): Noctuidae Europaeae . tape 9 . Entomological Press, Sorø 2007, ISBN 978-87-89430-11-9 (English).
  • Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition. tape 6 . Moth IV. Noctuidae 2nd part. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1997, ISBN 3-8001-3482-9 .
  • Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 4: Owls. (Noctuidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 3-440-03752-5 .
  • Manfred Koch : We determine butterflies. Volume 3: Owls. 2nd, expanded edition. Neumann, Leipzig / Radebeul 1972, DNB 760072930 .

Web links

Commons : Schwarzes Ordensband  - Collection of images, videos and audio files