Field wood winter owl

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Field wood winter owl
Field wood winter owl (Conistra rubiginosa)

Field wood winter owl ( Conistra rubiginosa )

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Owl butterfly (Noctuidae)
Subfamily : Xyleninae
Genre : Conistra
Type : Field wood winter owl
Scientific name
Conistra rubiginosa
( Scopoli , 1763)

The field wood winter owl ( Conistra rubiginosa ), also black spotted winter owl , is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the owl butterflies (Noctuidae). The species flies in autumn, overwinters as a moth and then again from February / March. It is therefore counted among the so-called "winter owls".

features

butterfly

The moth has a wingspan of 31 to 36 millimeters. The body is relatively slim. The fore wings are relatively narrow, elongated with a pointed apex. The hem edge is slightly curved. The basic color is a relatively uniform light gray-brown to dark gray-brown. The veins are covered with light-colored scales . Inner and outer transverse lines are only indistinctly developed, often only a little darker than the basic color. The median angled middle shadow is also often only indistinctly recognizable and colored like the transverse lines. The basal transverse line ends median. A small black spot is often developed in the root field. The ring flaw has a light border, the dorsal half is filled with black. The kidney flaw is also outlined in light, the black dorsal filling is usually broken up into several large black spots. However, the staining can also be absent (referred to in the literature as forma immaculata). The front edge is covered with several indistinctly limited spots that stand out only slightly from the basic color. The wavy line, like the other transverse lines, only stands out slightly from the basic color. Within the seam line, the fields between the veins often each have a small diffuse, black point. The hind wings are uniformly gray-brown with a diffuse discal spot.

egg

The egg is hemispherical and has irregular longitudinal lines. The micropyl region forms a weak mound on the egg. It is initially light yellow in color, then later turns light red. It shows a lighter, blotchy band.

Caterpillar

The upper side of the caterpillar is yellow-brown, the belly side light gray. The back line and the side back line are only indistinctly developed and light yellow. A V-shaped pattern is formed between the back lines. The back is also covered with bright, black-edged dots. The head is light brown, the pronotum is black with a yellow center line. The spiracles are black.

Doll

The pupa is relatively compact and brownish red. The cremaster is frustoconical and has a few short bristles.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The field wood winter owl is native to all of Central and Southern Europe. In the north, the distribution area extends to southern Fennoscandia, Lithuania and Latvia; in the east it extends to Ukraine and western Turkey. The species occurs in densely wooded biotopes, mostly deciduous or mixed forests, but also in more open habitats such as gardens and parklands. The vertical distribution is limited to the flat and hill country, the higher areas of the Central European low mountain ranges are avoided. In the Alps, it rises to around 1000 meters.

Phenology and way of life

The species forms one generation a year. The moths hatch in August and September. They apparently take a break of several weeks after hatching. The main flight time begins in October and lasts into April, sometimes even into May. The winter break is incomplete and is interrupted on mild winter days. The moths fly at 2 to 4 ° C air temperature. They suckle on tree sap, in autumn also on fruits or old rose hips, in spring on pussy willows.

The caterpillars can be found in May and June. They feed on Lilac ( Syringa vulgaris ), cultivated apple ( Malus domestica ), roses ( Rosa sp.), Plum ( Prunus domestica ), blackthorn ( Prunus spinosa ), broom ( Sarothamnus scoparius ) and Heather ( Calluna vulgaris ). The young caterpillars first feed on the flowers and buds, and later on the leaves of the food plants. They pupate in a cocoon in the earth.

Danger

The species is quite common in Germany and only endangered regionally (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Saarland), in North Rhine-Westphalia it is even endangered.

swell

literature

  • Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 6, Nachtfalter IV. Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 1997 (Eulen (Noctuidae) 2nd part), ISBN 3-800-13482-9
  • Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 4: Owls. (Noctuidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 3-440-03752-5 .
  • Lázló Ronkay, José Luis Yela & Márton Hreblay: Noctuidae Europaeae Volume 5 Hadeninae II. 452 S., Entomological Press, Sorø 2001 ISBN 87-89430-06-9

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ after Ronkay et al., P. 112/3
  2. ↑ http://s4ads.com/rotelisten/redlists/getknoten.php3?knoten_id=43222&taxon=Conistra+rubiginosa+(Scopoli,+1763) Red Lists of the FRG

Web links

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