Schweizergarten (Stolp)

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The Schweizergarten in Stolp , in what was then Western Pomerania , was a real garden restaurant with a hall and guest rooms not far from the rose garden and in the immediate vicinity of the Kreuzkirche in what was then Gr. Auckerstrasse. In the rooms of the Restauration Schweizergarten , cultural, local political and other gatherings for leisure activities in the Pomeranian province took place.

location

The Schweizergarten was located on the corner of Grosse Auckerstrasse and Bütower Strasse (today: ul. Słowackiego / ul. Lutosławskiego in Słupsk, Poland) not far from the rose garden in the former XIV. District, which came from the XI. District emerged. On the occasion of the 600th anniversary of the city of Stolp, dance events took place in the Schweizergarten . The “Restauration Schweizergarten ” became so popular that it was used for directions to the city of Stolp. The stumbling-sworn surveyor and later surveying director Otto Laudan named the Schweizergarten restaurant as a point of reference when describing the former location of the Windelbahn , a former festival ground for the shoemaker brotherhood.

For the Schweizergarten itself, in the description of an aerial view of the cityscape, photographed from a zeppelin in 1914, the castle church near the rose garden was mentioned as an orientation for the location of the Schweizergarten .

Origins of the restoration

The instrument maker Heinrich Kalvaß, who lives in the southern urban area of Aucker , earned his living from 1864 to 1876 as a so-called tobacconist on the basis of an officially granted liquor license with a pub in Grosse Auckerstrasse 13 . After Kalvaß in the Aucker a newly developed property in the "Gr. Auckerstraße 38 ”, he opened a restaurant there and worked as a landlord together with his wife Louise, née Krischewski. There was not only an apartment for the landlords in the guest house and residential building, but also several rented apartments, including an attic apartment, which contributed to the owner's income.

Change of ownership

In the 1889 Stolper address book, Louise Kalvaß, née Krischewski, widowed restaurateur Gr. Auckerstraße 38 is named as the owner of this property. The first innkeeper in the Schweizergarten did not experience the change of house numbers in Grosse Auckerstrasse , as he had previously died. After the renumbering, the garden bar site became Grosse Auckerstraße 42. Kalvass's widow became the owner of the property and temporarily also the owner of the bar until she ran the Gr. Auckerstraße 42 was sold to the restaurateur Erhard Züger around 1897 . For the first time, innkeeper Züger had the inn name Schweizergarten inserted after his family name in the Stolper address book from 1897 . Around 1907, the innkeeper Max Ehrhard took over the Schweizergarten as the owner and at the same time became the owner of the building. From 1912 Paul Voll was named in the Stolper address book of that year as owner and owner. The address book for 1927 explicitly included the long-standing tavern name Schweizergarten for the restoration at Auckerstraße 42 together with the name of the owner and owner Paul Voll for the last time.

In the 1930s Emma Voll, who was also the owner of the inn at the time, and her representative, the innkeeper Franz Squar, ran the Schweizergarten until the property was sold. In the 1938 Stolper address book, Fritz Groth is named as the owner of the inn and the owner of the property is Anna Steingräber, who, like Gerhard Steingräber, a sawmill owner, lived at 42 Große Auckerstraße. The tenants included u. a. the innkeeper Fritz Groth. After the change of ownership, Emma Voll moved to Stolper Hindenburgstrasse 29.

Dance event in the Schweizergarten for the city anniversary in 1910

On the occasion of the city anniversary in 1910, Wilhelm II and the German Empress Queen of Prussia, Auguste Viktoria , visited Stolp on September 5th. At the end of the festivities on September 6th, the “dance amusements” organized by the First Mayor of the Stolp District, Werner Zielke, took place under festive lighting in the city center and the banks of the Stolpe in the Schweizergarten and in other restaurants, e.g. B. in the Schützenhaus , as an evening event.

Lectures and events in the Weimar Republic

Several associations met in the rooms of the Swiss Garden in the Weimar Republic and lectures were held there in public events.

German National Sales Aid Association

The German National Handicrafts Association (DHV) held a public meeting for commercial employees on October 6, 1924 in the Schweizergarten on the subject of “Occupational Policy - Our Rescue!”. In the invitation to this evening event, the head of the district office in Hinterpommern of the DHV in Stolp, Walter Schmidt, justified the chosen topic by stating that the "requirements and tasks of the near future" should be commented on in a "free debate". The East Prussian Gauvorsteher Woltmann was announced as a speaker by the German National Sales Assistant Association, who in 1922 in the journal of the Central Association of Employees, The Freelance Employee, described it as a "so-called German National Sales Assistant " and was also criticized for making "bold statements in various meetings (- which he had not listened to himself and therefore could not reproduce exactly. "

Party affiliated Stolper Verein

A party-affiliated Stolper association of the DNVP , the German National People's Association Stolp Stadt und Land , held its general meeting in the Schweizergarten in the 1920s. Both the club members and "guests who were introduced" were invited to an evening event on November 6, 1924. The local group Stolp organized this membership event and won the Prussian government assessor von Zitzewitz-Kottow , who had succeeded the German National People's Party (DNVP) in the Reichstag since September 30, 1924 , as the main speaker .

Warrior club

The Stolp 1876 Warrior Association held its monthly general meeting in the Schweizergarten . The restoration was also a meeting point for parades for this association, for example to take part in the consecration of the flag of the Stolp workers' group of the Pomeranian Landbund on July 10, 1927 by Pastor Hans Borkenhagen from Stolpmünde on the playground of the forest cat enclosure, who gave his consecration speech the Bible word Psalm 90 verse 17 was based on.

Horticulturist

The district group Stolp and the surrounding area of ​​the Pomeranian Regional Association of the Reich Association of German Horticulture e. V. met in the Schweizergarten restaurant to hold their district group meetings there. B. on Thursday, January 3, 1929 at 2 p.m. On the occasion of the main conference of the Pomeranian regional association of the German Reich Association of German Horticulture e. V. In 1930 in Stolp the regional association committee met under its chairman Lange in the Schweizergarten and on September 1st dealt with the situation of the Pomeranian horticulture. The welcoming evening for the “Stolp and Surroundings District Group” was also held there on September 1, 1930 and featured a concert, a short play and several lectures. In the invitation of the “Stolp and environs” district group for the general meeting and the “common lunch table” on September 2, 1930, the Schweizergarten was also specified as the meeting place . The Stolper nursery owner Otto Schwuchow headed this district group of the Reichsverband deutscher Gartenbauer e. V. voluntary.

German Christians

The Protestant clergyman Karl Thom gave a lecture on February 9, 1932 in the Schweizergarten on the subject of National Socialism and the Evangelical Church .

Carnival in the Swiss Garden

The Swiss Garden was used for carnival sessions with dance, singing and speaking. Members of the Catholic parish of Stolp held a carnival meeting there on February 26, 1933. Residents of the city of Stolp who came from the Rhineland and Westphalia were previously members of a sociable association, the Association of Rhinelander and Westphalia , which no longer existed after the Nazi seizure of power .

Lecture on Zeppelin

Leonhard Adelt spoke in the Schweizergarten on the subject of Zeppelin yesterday and tomorrow on November 14, 1938 as part of an event of the German Automobile Club (DDAC).

Dance and propriety lessons in the Schweizergarten

In the Schweizergarten found u. a. Dance and manners lessons take place.

Szczecin dance teacher Bethmann

Hertha Bethmann, dance teacher from Stettin, originally from Stralsund, gave dance courses in Stolp before World War I, but not in the Schweizergarten but in the hall of Klein's Hotel. From the beginning of the 1920s, in August, Bethmann offered dance classes once a week for school-age children in the late afternoon and in the evening for adults in the Schweizergarten . In the mornings, the dance teacher Bethmann accepted the registrations for the courses in this garden restaurant. To inform the Stolper residents, she placed an ad in the local newspaper beforehand.

Dance teacher Apitsch from Berlin

In 1926 Bethmann's successors were the Berlin dance school teachers Alfred and Erna Apitsch, like their predecessor, also a member of the Academy of Dance Teaching. They advertised in the Stolper Post that they would continue their dance lessons in the Schweizergarten in the summer months of August and September and referred to the “brochures that had to be requested that contained all the details about the courses”. When the Apitsch dance teachers first offered ballroom dancing courses in Stolp, the innkeeper Paul Voll was the owner of the Schweizergarten restaurant and at the same time the owner of the two-story restaurant and residential building with an extension at Grosse Auckerstraße 42. The dance courses ended with a prom, including on 23 September 1928. On that Sunday a group photo was taken of the participants in the dance class in the restaurant garden. The 64 course participants, consisting of 30 young men and 34 girls, lined up outside in three rows in festive clothing. They wore suits with ties or a bow tie, or the dance students either light-colored dresses or skirts with a white blouse and buckled shoes. The dance teacher couple Apitsch were taken in the middle of the first row of the dance students together with two of the dance students. In the second row, 21 dance students stood on folding chairs and wooden tables (with iron frames) that are common in the garden. The 28 male course participants in the third row of the group picture took an elevated position in front of deciduous trees. After the Second World War , a Lessing student who had attended dance lessons in the Schweizergarten with high school students remembered that she and some classmates showed what she was doing at rehearsals for the Nettelbeck theater on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the Stolper Gymnasium in 1932, accompanied by music on the piano with the Apitsch couple "learned in dance lessons". Another student from the State Lessing School , who took part in dance lessons with schoolmates in the late summer of 1933, reported in the Stolper Heimatblatt in 1961 that the boys from the grammar school and the upper secondary school were to be trained by the Apitsch couple to become "accomplished cavaliers" and the dance skills they had acquired at high school graduation balls and dancing parties, especially in the "Waldkaterrestaurant". The Waldkater restaurant , which was rebuilt by the municipality in 1913, was leased to an innkeeper, together with the inventory, for six years on the basis of a tender from the Stolper magistrate.

The owners of the Berlin dance school Apitsch , founded in 1863 , Alfred and Erna Apitsch, moved their center of life at the beginning of the 1940s - due to the increasing air raids of the Allies on the Reich capital - from Berlin to Stolp, also called Little Paris in Western Pomerania , and gave Thursday evenings in the Schweizergarten Classes in ballroom dancing for professionals and schoolchildren, among them was her son, who later became the Berlin dance school teacher Gerhard Apitsch (1929–2015). The dance teachers, the couple Alfred and Erna Apitsch, who rented them temporarily on Hindenburgstraße and before the end of the war in Holstentorstraße, in the aristocratic women's monastery , did not register in their private apartment, but in the Schweizergarten Große Auckerstraße / corner of Bütowerstraße three days before the start of classes opposite. On Tuesday evenings, the dance teacher Charlotte Thiede from Köslin gave “dance and decency lessons ” in the Schweizergarten for schoolchildren and adults.

In the hall of the garden restaurant there have been dance events almost regularly on Sundays since Paul Voll bought the restaurant around 1910. After the dance ban imposed by Goebbels in 1939 at the beginning of World War II was loosened from June 1941 with the permission of dance events three days a week, a strict one was issued in February 1943 after the lost battle of Stalingrad and the fall of the 6th German Army Ban on dance entertainment. This also affected the dance events and dance courses in the Schweizergarten .

Since 1933 the Apitsch couple belonged as "teachers of the art of dance" to the unit association of German dance teachers , EDTV and the dance department , which was organizationally subordinate to the Reich Chamber of Culture (RKK). As a result of the teaching ban for all dance schools from 1943, Alfred and Erna Apitsch increasingly gained distance from the Nazi-ruled German Reich and its decrees, especially those that concerned dance. Both of them accepted the offer from the head doctor “of a hospital for seriously wounded people” in Stolp to “give dance lessons to those recovering and partly amputated soldiers.” Former dance students made themselves available as dance partners for these lessons. So until 1944 the “Apitsch dance lessons” could take place in the Pomeranian city, albeit to a limited extent.

Dance teacher Alfred Apitsch was drafted into service in the course of 1944 and, because of his commercial knowledge, was employed "as head of the accounting department" in a Stolper industrial plant, which was relocated to Zeitz before the end of the war .

Singing evenings for stumbling parents

In the war year 1943, Stolper girls and boys between the ages of ten and fourteen sang in the Schweizergarten and Bergschlößchen restaurants . The school children organized in the Hitler Youth through compulsory membership were supposed to "bring joy into the hearts" of their "parents" through their singing, according to the party official newspaper Die Grenz-Zeitung , which at the same time news sheet u. a. of all state and municipal authorities.

Other guests during the Nazi era

Among the other guests was the retired teacher of the 2nd community school Wilhelm Kühl, who had worked as a teacher loyal to the emperor in Stolp since 1909 and who served as vice-principal of this school and local group leader of the NSDAP during the Nazi era. In the Schweizergarten , on the eve of the 10th anniversary of the seizure of power , Kühl was released from his party function in the presence of all local group leaders in the city and the district leader of the NSDAP, Johann Andresen (born February 2, 1904), who had been in office since May 1937. A music train from the Stolper National Socialist Motor Vehicle Corps (NSKK) played marching music and a BDM choir sang the propaganda song “ Only freedom belongs to our life ”. At the same time, Kühl's successor, Taube, an SA-Sturmbannführer and leader of SA-Standarte 176, was introduced by district leader Andresen as the new local group leader "Stolp-Ost".

architecture

The design of the facade of the inn, especially the architecture of the raised door and window openings from the wall surface of the building, has stood the test of time. Proof of the craftsmanship and artistic care with which the builders devoted themselves to the construction of the Swiss Garden in the 19th century is the frame-like edging of the doors and windows, the so-called Fasche. This architectural stylistic device was also used to enrich the facade of the extension - with the five smaller windows on each of the two floors facing the former Auckerstrasse. Even the fascia of the walled-up window next to the historic main entrance to the Schweizergarten has been preserved and still makes a visible contribution to the ornamental structure of the facade of the old building.

There are more eye-catchers on the building: the double-leaf, paneled main entrance door and several cornices as well as a representative half-hip roof. The ornamental cornices on the front of the house separate the ground floor from the upper floor and this from the top floor, which houses an attic apartment. A special eye-catcher on the roof facade are four upright windows in a frame-like border and above a cornice, which runs out in a line over the two middle mansard windows.

The roof structure on the gable side of the main building facing the former Schneidersteg or Bütower Straße was architecturally designed in such a way that two vertical windows could also be installed below the Krüppelwalms, offering a view of the Kreuzkirche. On the ground floor on the gable side of the house there is a modern glass door to a shop and three further entrance doors in the extension building, an extension to the former Schneidersteig. The tradesmen to whom the house owners of the Schweizergarten temporarily rented out residential and business premises for additional financial income included master tailors, shoemakers, a cigar maker, an embroiderer and a carpenter.

In Słupsk, elegant men's fashion is advertised on a special billboard on the facade of the old building.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Schmidt, Paul: From the hospitality, the restaurants, their hosts and guests . 2. Continuation (227–231) p. 230. In: Stolper Heimatblatt , Volume XII (12 issues in one volume), Lübeck 1959
  2. ↑ Inhabitants of the city of Stolp 1931 , p. 217; Owner: Voll, Emma, ​​widow, after her husband Paul Voll was the innkeeper and owner of the Schweizergarten .
  3. ↑ See Schweizergarten in the map of the Mitteldeutsche Zeitung "Stolp (Pommern) City Center", image 8 in: Ulrich Kruggel: The last two days of Stolp in Pomerania 1945. MZ article from January 26, 2015.
  4. ↑ See the city map of Stolp i. Pom. H 7–8, manufactured by Ostland - Druckerei Stolp in 1940; Digitized by: Bałtycka Biblioteka Cyfrowa (Baltic Digital Library).
  5. ^ Street directory My Slupsk ; Alphabetical order
  6. ↑ Stolp's address book 1938; P. 413
  7. ^ Friedhelm Schulz, Bernhard Wolter: Stolp. Pictures from the life of the city from 1860 to 1984. Published on behalf of the home district committees Stadt Stolp and Landkreis Stolp. Bonn-Bad Godesberg 1984, p. 89.
  8. ↑ Ingrid Bodschwinna: Pure life - that's how it was! Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-940281-17-3 , p. 85.
  9. ↑ Otto Laudan: Place names and field names in the urban district of Stolp. Printing: Delmanzosche Buchdruckerei, Stolp i. Pom. 1933, p. 31; From: Ostpommersche Heimat (supplement to the newspaper for Ostpommern). 1933, No. 13 to 17
  10. ^ E. Rutz: The Windelbahnfest der Stolper Schuhmacher. In: Pomerania in words and pictures. Stettin 1904, ISBN 978-3-8128-0032-7 , p. 377 ff.
  11. ^ Friedhelm Schulz, Bernhard Wolter: Stolp. Pictures from the life of the city from 1860 to 1984. Published on behalf of the home district committees Stadt Stolp and Landkreis Stolp. Bonn-Bad Godesberg 1984, p. 105
  12. ↑ Apartment gazette for the city of Stolp along with the most excellent addresses in the Stolper district for the year 1864. Stolp 1864, p. 35
  13. ↑ Apartment advertisements for the city of Stolp along with the most excellent addresses for Stolper and the surrounding districts (Bütow, Lauenburg, Rummelsburg, Schlawe). Stolp 1876, p. 162
  14. ↑ Apartment gazette for the city of Stolp (1876), p. 34
  15. ↑ Address book for the city of Stolp 1889, p. 8
  16. ^ Address book of the city of Stolp i. Pom. 1897 p. 6
  17. ^ Address book of the city of Stolp i. Pom. 1897 p. 43
  18. ↑ Address book of the city of Stolp i. Pom. 1907, p. 7
  19. ^ Address book of the city of Stolp i. Pom. 1927, p. 51 Digital Library Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
  20. ^ German Reich address book for industry, trade, trade. Edition 1937. Province of Pomerania. German Reich Address Book, Berlin 1937.
  21. ↑ Address book of the city of Stolp i. Pom. 1938 p. 267; Digitized, p. 283: Große Auckerstr. 42
  22. ↑ Address book of the city of Stolp i. Pom. 1938 p. 183, column 2
  23. ↑ Werner Zielke was Lord Mayor of Stolp from 1905 to 1924 and died in 1932. According to Otto Laudan: Place names and field names in the Stolp district , p. 35
  24. ^ Commemorative sheet for the six hundredth anniversary of the city of Stolp as well as a detailed program of the festivities from September 4 to 6, 1910. Printed by: Buchdruckerei Otto Kellerstrass Stolp i. Pom .; Digitized
  25. ↑ Stolper Post of October 4, 1924
  26. ↑ Der Freelancer , No. 7, Berlin, March 29, 1922, p. 56.
  27. ^ Daily newspaper "Stolper Post" from November 4, 1924
  28. ↑ Stumbling Post. Daily newspaper for town and country. Official publication of August 8, 1927, p. 4
  29. ↑ Stumbling Post. Daily newspaper for town and country No. 157/1927, page 4 (advertisement) and report in No. 160/1927, p. 3
  30. ^ Journal Die Gartenbauwirtschaft , Volume 43, No. 51 of December 20, 1928; Digitized by the university library of the Technical University of Berlin
  31. ↑ Horticulture , Volume 45, No. 33, p. 3; Digitized by the university library of the Technical University of Berlin
  32. ^ Address book for the city of Stolp i. Pom .; Page 23 under C
  33. ^ Obituary for Thom's death in 1935; Digitized chronicle
  34. ↑ Stolper Heimatblatt. For those displaced from their homeland and the district of Stolp in Pomerania ; No. 3/1963.
  35. ^ Address book for the city of Stolp i. Pom. 1927, p. 22
  36. ↑ ADAC Motorwelt 1938 No. 122, p. 80
  37. ↑ Address in the directory of members of the “Academy of Dance Teaching in Berlin”, published in July 1908: Bethmann, Hertha, Stralsund, Semlower Straße 17; Schudi Collection 45
  38. ^ Advertisement in the daily newspaper Stolper Post , dated January 7, 1911
  39. ↑ So in the Stolper Post. Daily newspaper for town and country from August 2, 1924
  40. ↑ Stumbling Post. Daily newspaper for town and country from August 2, 1926
  41. ↑ In the first year, Apitsch's dance lessons were crowned with great success, which, however, did not last to the same extent. On August 18, 1927, Alfred Apitsch wrote on a postcard, stamped in Stolp (POMM) 1, with the motif “Stolp i. Pom. Partie an der Stolpe ”:“ We have been here since August 9th. Business is unfortunately worse than it used to be, but you have to be satisfied if things continue at all. ”Schudi 45 Collection.
  42. ^ Address book for the city of Stolp i. Pom. 1925. Verlag FW Feige, p. 51; Grosse Auckerstrasse 42
  43. ↑ Original photograph in the format 23.5 × 26.5 cm, mounted on cardboard (approx. 26 × 20 cm) and drawn in pencil by the author Ferdinand Schmidt (* 1909), a subprime student of the Stolper Gymnasium, with a name and indication of the location and date, which sent text and picture contributions for publication in the Stolper Heimatblatt 1961, z. B. "Admiral Nobile in the circle of Stolper high school students (Unterprima 1928)". - Private collection Schudi 45
  44. ↑ Elisabeth Koczelniak, b. Meyer. In: Stolper Heimatblatt, Volume XIV (12 issues in one volume), Lübeck 1961, No. 3, p. 91 f.
  45. ↑ Helma Friedrich, married Windmüller, in: Stolper Heimatblatt , Volume X No. 8/1957 p. 246
  46. ↑ Schools ended on January 9, 1941 because a reserve hospital was set up in the schoolhouse on the banks of the Stolpe River; see Helmut Papengut: Stolp and Stolpmünde in old picture postcards , p. 63; ISBN 978-3-88189-130-1
  47. ^ Arnoldstrasse 2 Stolper schools
  48. ↑ The Oberrealschule, founded in 1858 on Wasserstraße , has been called Stephan -Oberrealschule since 1931 on the occasion of the 100th birthday of the Postmaster General, according to Helmut Papengut: Stolp and Stolpmünde in old postcards ; P. 62 (caption); ISBN 978-3-88189-130-1
  49. ↑ Stumbling Post. Daily newspaper for town and country from October 27, 1924
  50. ↑ Krockow, Christian Graf von / Reinartz, Dirk: The journey to Pomerania in pictures . Stuttgart 1987, p. 104; ISBN 978-3-421-06322-9
  51. ↑ The Grenz-Zeitung. Wednesday, January 13, 1943, No. 12, p. 4, column 3 below, advertisement for dance lessons
  52. ↑ Holzentorstraße 18, also called "Fräuleinstift"; Stolper address book 1913 in the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania digital library
  53. ↑ A recording from the Schweizergarten from 1984 is in the DIA collection of the archive of the Stolper Heimatstube in Bonn-Auerberg (DIA folder no. 23, DIA no. 22).
  54. ^ Die Grenz-Zeitung , Saturday / Sunday, 16/17. January 1943, No. 15/16, p. 4, column 4, advertisement dance lessons
  55. ↑ Schmidt, Paul: From the hospitality, the restaurants, their hosts and guests. 2. Continuation (227–231) p. 230. In: Stolper Heimatblatt, Volume XII (12 issues in one volume), Lübeck 1959
  56. ^ Felix Havenstein : Berlin's oldest dance school . In: Telegraf (newspaper) , No. 119/20 of May 23, 1965, p. 13
  57. ↑ machines Written resume his son Gerhard Apitsch (1929-2015) of 2 August 2007 - Private Collection Schudi 45
  58. ↑ Message under the heading: Whoever wants to create has to be happy. In: Die Grenz-Zeitung of March 2, 1943, p. 6, column 1.
  59. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm August Kühl, born March 22, 1873
  60. ↑ Wilhelm Kühl's teacher card from the Köslin administrative region archive database of the library for research on the history of education
  61. ^ Die Grenzzeitung , January 27, 1943, p. 4 under "Short messages from the city of Stolp"
  62. ^ Behrens, Beate: Mit Hitler zur Macht , Rostock 1998, p. 169; ISBN 978-3-929544-52-7
  63. ↑ Die Grenzzeitung , 30./31. January 1943, p. 5
  64. ↑ Address book Stolp 1925: Lutherische Kreuzkirche, Gr. Auckerstrasse 42
  65. ↑ Stolper address books: 1900, 1903, 1907, 1912, 1925
  66. ↑ Google admission: June 2013: Juliusza Słowackiego 42 (French: Gr. Auckerstraße 42 Schweizergarten ).