Segestrioides
| Segestrioides | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Segestrioides | ||||||||||||
| Keyserling , 1883 |
Segestrioides is a genus from the family of coneweb spider within the genuine spiders and comprises four types. (As of June 2016)
distribution and habitat
The Segestrioides species are common in South America . They live under rocks or stones and have little in common with their net-building relatives of the Diguetia genus .
description
The four species of the genus have an elongated and flattened front body without feathery hair and a wide, deeply indented dorsal furrow, six eyes (the central eyes are receded) in three groups of two. The front body is usually reddish to yellowish orange-gray in color. The chelicerae are close together at the base. There are stridulation organs in the palps . The front body of the nominate form Segestrioides bicolor is bright orange-red with a pair of black stripes that are covered with black setae . Sternum , mouth area and chelicerae are reddish orange.
The first and partly the second leg are reddish orange, the other legs are lighter. The leg formula is 1423. The genus has tarsi with three claws. The upper claws are covered with numerous small teeth in a slightly curved row; the lower claws only with a single tooth. The tarsus of the first leg of the male is curved in the sclerotized area, but not pseudo-segmented. The elongated abdomen is high arched with six spinnerets and a Collulus . The male gonopore is clearly protruding. The abdomen is gray with lighter markings on the sides.
Males and females live together without hostility.
Systematics
The World Spider Catalog currently lists four species for the genus Segestrioides . (As of June 2016)
- Segestrioides badia (Simon , 1903)
- Segestrioides bicolor Keyserling , 1883
- Segestrioides copiapo Platnick , 1989
- Segestrioides tofo Platnick , 1989
Discovery and rediscovery
The genus Segestrioides has remained a mystery long since Segestrioides bicolor was first described in 1883. Keyserling found a single female at an altitude of 3500 m on the San Mateo in Peru and assigned it to the Dysderidae family . This first and for a long time the only preparation was probably lost in the 1930s or 1940s. The rest of the collection is now in the Polska Akademia Nauk, Warsaw , and nothing is known about the whereabouts of the missing specimen; it is probably destroyed.
In the meantime, the genus has been assigned to the Sicariidae , Scytodidae or Segestriidae by several arachnologists according to the description alone. A few spiders were found in northern Chile that resembled the description of Keyserling's specimen, but were assigned to the Diguetidae family. Here, too, the family relationships had to remain in the dark because of the missing original copy.
It was not until 1988 that an expedition under Dr. Frederick A. Coyle from Western Carolina University went to Peru to look for spiders at the place where the original was found, because the finds in Chile raised the hope that the species described could still be found there. The team found a sizable selection of juvenile animals that could be identified as Segestrioides under boulders in a eucalyptus forest at an altitude of 3,100 m on the western flank of the San Mateo . After further finds from the genus in Peru ( S. copiapo and S. tofo ), Platnick assigned them to the Diguetidae in 1989.
Web links
Segestrioides in the World Spider Catalog
literature
- Norman I. Platnick 1989: A Revision of the Spider Genus Segestrioides (Araneae, Diguetidae). American Museum Novitates. The American History Museum of Natural History (AMNH), New York, NY 10024 ISSN 0003-0082 ( PDF )
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Natural History Museum of the Burgergemeinde Bern: World Spider Catalog Version 17.0 - Segestrioides . Retrieved June 3, 2016.