Selection marker

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As selection markers ( English selectable marker ) is in the genetic engineering refers to a gene as a marker , is introduced together with the "gene of interest", ie the actual desired gene in the modified organism to be able to detect individuals with successful gene mutation. Frequently used selection markers are antibiotic resistance , auxotrophy or herbicide resistance . Successfully genetically modified organisms can then also survive on a selection medium containing the corresponding substance. In contrast to scorable markers , which have a directly observable phenotypeproduce, selection markers allow the successfully genetically modified organisms to be selected directly. Scorable markers are mainly used to select unicellular organisms or plants. In some cases, selection markers create a burden on the metabolism of the transgenic organism and can potentially be transferred to other organisms by horizontal gene transfer, which is why methods for removing the selection marker after selection have been developed, e.g. B. with TALENs or zinc finger nucleases . A positive selection is made, for example, through the use of antibiotic or herbicide resistance (transgenic organisms can grow), a negative selection through the use of toxic genes (non- transgenic organisms can grow). Auxotrophies can be used for both negative and positive selection.

Examples

literature

  • John F. Jackson, Hans F. Linskens, Ross B. Inman: Testing for genetic manipulation in plants. Springer, 2002, ISBN 3-540-43153-5 .
  • S. Anami, E. Njuguna, G. Coussens, S. Aesaert, M. Van Lijsebettens: Higher plant transformation: principles and molecular tools. In: The International journal of developmental biology. Volume 57, number 6-8, 2013, ISSN  1696-3547 , pp. 483-494, doi : 10.1387 / ijdb.130232mv , PMID 24166431 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. YY Yau, CN Stewart: Less is more: strategies to remove marker genes from transgenic plants. In: BMC biotechnology. Volume 13, 2013, ISSN  1472-6750 , p. 36, doi : 10.1186 / 1472-6750-13-36 , PMID 23617583 , PMC 3689633 (free full text).
  2. CW Jang, T. Magnuson: A novel selection marker for efficient DNA cloning and recombineering in E. coli. In: PloS one. Volume 8, number 2, 2013, ISSN  1932-6203 , p. E57075, doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0057075 , PMID 23437314 , PMC 3577784 (free full text).
  3. JD Boeke, F. LaCroute, GR Fink: A positive selection for mutants lacking orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase activity in yeast: 5-fluoro-orotic acid resistance. In: Molecular & general genetics: MGG. Volume 197, Number 2, 1984, ISSN  0026-8925 , pp. 345-346, PMID 6394957 .