Sergei Wladimirowitsch Obraszow
Sergei Vladimirovich Obraszow ( Russian Сергей Владимирович Образцов , scientific. Transliteration Sergei Vladimirovič Obrazcov ; born June 22 . Jul / 5. July 1901 greg. In Moscow , † 8. May 1992 ) was a Russian puppet , considered one of the best of his Subject applies.
Sergei Obraszow was the head of the Moscow State Central Puppet Theater. An international puppetry festival was named after him in his honor.
From December 18, 1950 to January 11, 1951, a GDR tour took Obraszow to Germany with guest appearances in Berlin, Leipzig, Dresden, Chemnitz, Erfurt, Halle, Potsdam and Schwerin. This tour had consequences for German puppetry insofar as Paul Hölzig (1911–1989) was so enthusiastic about Obraszow's performance that he decided to become a puppeteer himself; Over the years, Hölzig became one of the most popular representatives of this art in eastern Germany.
Obraszow was the first to go beyond the modest framework of puppet shows, both technically and personally: While even the people of Hohnstein could usually travel by public transport or a single car, Obraszow appeared at his venues with a team of more than 50 employees and several train wagons full stage equipment.
In his autobiography Mein Kasper und ich , published in 1964, the important German puppeteer Max Jacob wrote only in the highest tones of Obraszow, with whom he had an intensive correspondence.
At the request of the children, he received the international award as Cavalier of the Order of Smiles .
Obraszow's work has probably triggered the world's most important tendencies through which puppet theater was recognized more than before as a “highly cultural” form of theater in the 20th century. His early solo numbers, especially those with almost bare hands, can in some cases be assigned to the avant-garde - his productions with a large ensemble (his theater has around 300 employees) more closely resembles Soviet realism from the 1930s onwards. The desired perfection in the sense of naturalistic illusion was made possible by the guidance of a puppet by several players. In the repertoire, however, there are hardly any realistic or even political pieces. In some performances there were also approaches to anti-illusionist principles, as they determine more and more modern puppet theater - but here Obraszow no longer played the leading role. For the first time, the stick puppet from Asia was used in the European theater on a larger scale, in which the arms are guided through sticks from below. As a soloist he tended to stick with the hand puppet, but as early as the 1930s showed his drunkard a snap-mouth puppet, which Jim Henson's Sesamy Street and Muppet Show later made popular. The stick puppet was introduced everywhere in the Soviet Union, then also in the countries of the Eastern Bloc, when larger puppet theater ensembles, mostly state-owned companies, were established there after the Second World War . Obraszow's role model was so formative, in some cases a given aesthetic was also enforced administratively while suppressing national idiosyncrasies that for a long time one's own could only be created to a limited extent. The extent to which Obraszow himself was involved cannot be proven; there are a few known examples where, on the contrary, he supported new developments in other countries. It is noticeable that besides Obraszow and his theater hardly any other puppet theater was known from the Soviet Union, which for such a large country can hardly be regarded as a coincidence for such a long time. The largely comprehensive systems of municipal / state puppet theaters and puppet theater schools in the former Eastern Bloc - in contrast to the predominant small or one-man theaters in the west - still bear witness to the influence of Obraszow's puppet theater today: large, highly specialized theater companies based on division of labor.
literature
- Sergei Obraszow, Jutta Balk (translator): My job . Henschel, Berlin 1952.
Individual evidence
Web links
- Literature by and about Sergei Wladimirowitsch Obraszow in the catalog of the German National Library
- Article Sergei Wladimirowitsch Obraszow in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- The puppet festival of the festival weeks. The Russian Obraszow opens . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung , February 13, 1971, p. 10.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Obraszow, Sergei Wladimirowitsch |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Образцов, Сергей Владимирович (Russian); Obrazcov, Sergej Vladimirovič |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian puppeteer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 5, 1901 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Moscow |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 8, 1992 |
| Place of death | Moscow |