Shi siming

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Shi Siming , Chinese  史思明 , Pinyin Shǐ Sīmíng , (* 703 ; † 761 ) was a confidante of An Lushan during his uprising against the Tang Dynasty and later leader of this rebellion.

Shi Siming was one of the followers of An Lushan, the military ruler of Hebei , Lianong and Shanxi provinces . This triggered an uprising against the Tang dynasty in December 755, the cause of which was power struggles between Chancellor Yang Guozhong , the cousin of the imperial concubine Yang Guifei , and An Lushan, under the name An Lushan Rebellion or An Shi Rebellion has become known. Coincidentally, Central China was just hit by famine due to drought and floods that year, which made An Lushan easy to find supporters. There were also other internal problems of the Tang.

An Lushan entered Luoyang in December 755 , defeated the Tang troops under Geshu Han between the fortress Tung-kuan and the Yellow River , took Geshu Han prisoner and was able to occupy Chang'an in June 756 . The emperor Xuanzong fled to Chengdu. Chang'an was pillaged. While on the run, the helpless emperor Yang Guozhong and the Yang Guifei had to be executed under pressure from his guards because they were held responsible for the An Lushan uprising.

An Lushan proclaimed himself emperor of his own inner-Chinese state called Yan in February 756 .

The Emperor of the Tang Dynasty Xuanzong abdicated; his son Suzong (756 to 762) came to power in Gansu in his place . He called the barbarians, especially the Uyghur cavalry, to help and was able to recapture Chang'an and Luoyang in October 757. This was made possible primarily through the murder of An Lushan at the beginning of 757, instigated by his own son An Qingxu , who thereby became Emperor of Yan. At that time Shi Siming was already acting quite independently and controlled Fanyang and northern Hebei. An Qingxu, who in Xiangzhou ( Anyang was threatened, southern Hebei) by Tang troops, sent to Shi, get help. He was in negotiations with the Tang government and only sent a relatively weak army to An at the beginning of 759, whom he had murdered in the same year due to a dispute. He took the lead in the uprising and proclaimed himself Emperor of Yan. After consolidating his position in Hebei, he crossed the Yellow River in the fall of 759 . In the summer of 760 he occupied Luoyang again. However, since the imperial general Li Guangbi was to the east of Heyang , Shi could not cross the Tong Pass to the west and conquer the capital Chang'an. In 761 Shi Siming was murdered by his son Shi Chaoyi , who became the last emperor of Yan and died of suicide two years later.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Kong Liu (2012): An-Shi, Rebellion of (755-763). In: Xiaobing Li (Ed.): China at War: An Encyclopedia. ISBN 978-1-59884-415-3 pp. 3–5.

Note: This article places the family name before the person's first name. This is the usual order in Chinese. Shi is the family name here, Siming is the first name.