Sikkim spruce
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Sikkim spruce ( Picea spinulosa ) |
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| ( Handle. ) A. Henry |
The Sikkim spruce ( Picea spinulosa ) is a species of the pine family (Pinaceae). It is native to the areas in the eastern Himalayas .
description
The Sikkim spruce grows as an evergreen tree that can reach heights of up to 60 meters. The rough bark flakes off in scale-like pieces. The initially hairy, brownish-yellow bark of the twigs balds in the second year and turns gray.
The linear needles have a broad diamond-shaped cross section and are 1.5 to 3.5 inches long and 1.1 to 1.8 millimeters wide. They are slightly keeled on both sides and have a pointed tip. On the top of the leaf there are two white stomatal bands with five to seven stomatal lines each. On the underside of the leaf there are occasionally one to three incompletely formed stomatal lines.
The cones are elongated-cylindrical to cylindrical in shape with a length of 9 to 11 centimeters and a thickness of 3 to 4.5 centimeters. They are initially green with violet edges of the seed scales and turn brown to dark brown as they mature. The obovate, thick seed scales are about 2 centimeters long and around 1.8 centimeters wide. The exposed surfaces are smooth and shiny. The dark brown seeds are about 5 millimeters in size and have a shiny light brown, oblong obovate wing, which is 1.1 to 1.5 centimeters long and about 0.5 centimeters wide.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
Distribution and location
The natural distribution area of the Sikkim spruce includes Bhutan , Nepal , the north Indian state of Sikkim and the southern and southeastern part of the Tibet Autonomous Region .
The Sikkim spruce thrives at altitudes of 2400 to 3600 meters.
use
The wood is used as construction wood . The Sikkim spruce is also being planted for reforestation.
Systematics
Picea spinulosa is assigned to the subgenus Picea and the section Omorika within the genus of the spruce trees ( Picea ) .
It was first described as Abies spinulosa in 1848 by William Griffith in the Journal of Travels in Assam, Burma, Bootan, Afghanistan ... , Volume 1, Pages 259, 265 and 275. Augustine Henry transferred the species to The Gardeners' Chronicle , Series 3 in 1906 , Volume 39, page 219 as Picea spinulosa into the genus Picea . Synonyms of Picea spinulosa (Griff.) A.Henry are Pinus spinulosa (Griff.) Griff. and Picea morindoides Rehder .
Hazard and protection
The Sikkim spruce is classified as “not endangered” in the IUCN Red List . It is pointed out, however, that a new review of the hazard is necessary.
swell
- Christopher J. Earle: Picea spinulosa. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 23, 2012, accessed on March 20, 2013 .
- Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias & Robert R. Mill: Pinaceae . Picea. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan (eds.): Flora of China . Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Volume 4. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , Picea spinulosa , pp. 31 (English, Picea spinulosa - online - this printed work is online with the same text).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Christopher J. Earle: Picea spinulosa. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 23, 2012, accessed on March 20, 2013 .
- ↑ a b c d Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias & Robert R. Mill: Pinaceae . Picea. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan (eds.): Flora of China . Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Volume 4. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , Picea spinulosa , pp. 31 (English, Picea spinulosa - online - this printed work is online with the same text).
- ↑ a b Picea spinulosa at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed March 20, 2013.
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Picea. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 13, 2019.
- ↑ Picea spinulosa in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2012. Posted by: Conifer Specialist Group, 1998. Accessed March 20, 2013.
