Simeon Bekbulatowitsch
Simeon Bekbulatowitsch ( Russian Симеон Бекбулатович , † January 5 . Jul / 15. January 1616 greg. In Moscow ) was as Sajin Bulat in 1566 Khan of Kasimov and in the autumn of 1575 until August 1576 Grand Duke of Russia .
In 1561, Sajin Bulat accompanied Princess Kotschenej, daughter of the Circassian prince Temriuk, to her wedding with the Russian tsar. After Bulat's mother was a sister of the Circassian princess, Bulat attended the ceremony in Moscow as an official guest . Tsar Ivan IV was deeply impressed by the good looks and polite demeanor of the young Bulat. Sajin Bulat then served as a military leader under his uncle, the Siberian Khan Tochtomijtsch, and in 1563, as a Russian vassal, led an army detachment in Ivan IV's campaign in Livonia . He distinguished himself as the commander of the vanguard during the campaign against Polotsk , so that the tsar took him over as a troop leader in the Russian army. After Khan Shigalej died in 1566, the tsar Sajin Bulat appointed the new ruler of the small vassal enclave on the Oka.
The Tatar khans at the Muscovite Court ranked above all princes and boyars. It was not unusual at the time to change religion, especially because of opportunities for advancement. In July 1573, Sajin was baptized and given the name Simeon Bekbulatowitsch because he was the son of Bekbulats - a son of Akhmad, the last khans of the Golden Horde .
As early as 1574 he was acting as commander in chief of the Russian army, which tried in vain to conquer the port of Pernau on the Baltic Sea.
Simeon Bekbulatowitsch was surprisingly installed in the fall of 1575 by Ivan IV as the new Grand Duke. The inauguration took place in the Uspensky Cathedral in the presence of the Tsar and all noblemen of the court and was carried out by Metropolitan Antonij with all the ceremonies. Ivan IV formally abdicated, took the name Prince Ivan Moskovsky and also handed over the rooms of the Kremlin Palace to the new ruler, while he himself found accommodation on Petrowka Street north of the Kremlin.
The new Grand Duke was not allowed to use the title "Tsar". The resigned tsar remained powerful in the background as before. In the amicable correspondence with Grand Duke Simeon, Ivan signed without the title of tsar and only with the humility form Ivanets Vasilyev . Simeon and Iwan spent the summer of 1576 in the fortress town of Kaluga in preparation for an army campaign against the Tatars . The planned campaign did not take place.
In August 1576, Simeon Bekbulatowitsch was replaced just as quickly as he had been installed the year before. As a monk, he had to withdraw from the political arena.
literature
- PA Sadikov: Ocherki po istorii oprichniny. AN SSSR, Moscow 1950 (reprinted by de Gruyter, 1969).
Individual evidence
- ^ Payne: Iwan der Schreckliche, Habel Verlag, Darmstadt 1975, pp. 271 and 272
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Bekbulatowitsch, Simeon |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Бекбулатович, Симеон (Russian spelling) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Ruler of Russia (1575–1576) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 16th Century |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 15, 1616 |
| Place of death | Moscow |