Simultaneous perspective

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The simultaneous perspective is a form of representation of bodies in which they are captured and depicted from several directions at the same time. In extreme cases, it represents the complete development of the surface of a body or at least all of its relevant aspects in the area.

Painting and sculpture

In the strongly stylized animal paintings and sculptures of the indigenous peoples of the American northwest coast, the simultaneous perspective is repeatedly used. The transition to the perspective combination of individual, separate elements of the object in the surface (as is common in ancient Egyptian art ) is fluid.

In the Middle Ages, the simultaneous perspective was z. B. used for architectural representations; This form of representation disappeared at the latest with Mannerism .

But at the turn of the 20th century, Guillaume Apollinaire already called for a representation that shows the space synchronously from different perspectives. The painting of the early phase of Cubism since 1907 was characterized by the dissolution of the central perspective and the use of the simultaneous perspective. The simplification of the object by using basic geometric shapes such as cylinders, cubes or cones in Cézanne's students had progressed so far at that time that Picasso (e.g. with Les Demoiselles d'Avignon ) and Georges Braque could only set themselves apart from it by viewed the object from several directions at the same time. For this they used a predominantly two-dimensional representation, in which the spatiality is only hinted at. They mixed frontal and profile representation and represented the reflections of the incidence of light from different directions.

Developmental psychology

Even children around the age of 6 often represent objects as if they were walking around the object. A house is z. B. drawn as if the front, side and roof are opened. In doing so, they take into account their increasing need for completeness in recording and recognizing, especially the concise elements. If you z. For example, to design a figure in a frontal view, they often fold the feet sideways as in a profile view ("folding picture"). An animal is drawn from the side, but an insect from above.

The simultaneous representation of the inside and outside view of an object ("X-ray image"), as is often done by 5- to 8-year-old children, is generally not referred to as a simultaneous perspective, since here the temporarily invisible aspects are recorded purely analytically.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Martin Timm: The Art of Architectural Photography , Addison-Wesley 2009, p. 72
  2. ^ HG Richter: The children's drawing: development, interpretation, aesthetics , Düsseldorf 1987
  3. ↑ http://www.knetfeder.de/kkp/malen.html

literature

  • Günter Mühle: Developmental Psychology of Graphic Design , Frankfurt, Johann Ambrosius Barth Verlag 1971.