Siraj al-Akhbar

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Sirāǧ al-ah̲bār
Title page sirag al ahbar Volume 2 Issue 1
description magazine
Area of ​​Expertise Politics, news, literature
language Persian
publishing company unknown (Kabul, Afghanistan)
First edition 1911
attitude 1919
founder Mahmud Tarzi (with the support of Emir Habibullah Khan)
Web link Sirāǧ al-ah̲bār
ZDB 2941549-4

Siraj al-Akhbar ( Persian سراج الاخب, DMG Sirāǧ al-aḫbār ; German : "Light of the News") was a Persian magazine that appeared in Kabul from 1911 to 1919. The magazine was published in 1911 and founded by Mahmud Tarzi as an attempt at modernization with the support of Emir Habibullah Khan . It was mainly a political magazine designed to inform the country about international affairs and current affairs in the country. Siraj al-Akhbar promoted pan-Islamism and supported the coalition of the Young Turks in the Ottoman Empire . As the first recognized newspaper in the country, Siraj al-Akhbar is associated with the founding of the Afghan press.

history

founding

Mahmud Tarzi was born on August 23, 1865 as the son of Sardar Gholam Mohammad Tarzi , the leader of the Mohamadzai royal family and well-known poet, in Ghazni , Afghanistan. When the family was sentenced to exile in 1881 after the accession to the throne of Emir Abdur Rahman Khan , they lived in Karachi , Sindh for four years before moving to Syria. Tarzi traveled frequently in his youth, including a. to Mecca and Paris . In one of his earliest works, “Account of a Journey”, he tells of these journeys, which contributed a lot to conveying ideas of modernity and westernization to the young Mahmud Tarzi. His friendship with the political activist and Islamic ideologist Jamal ad Din al Afghani also fueled his interest in pan-Islamism.

When Emir Abdur Rahman died, Habibullah Khan ascended the throne and brought Tarzi back from exile. In 1905, Tarzi's two daughters married both the new King Habibullah and the prince and future King Amanullah Khan . He received a government post and was soon encouraged to start a newspaper. Siraj al-Akhbar was first published in 1911 and had a total of 1,600 copies.

She immediately became a voice in the modernization of the country, attracting pro-Western students who formed the coalition of young Afghans . Siraj al Akhbar went to considerable lengths to inform the country about world political affairs and to support the progressive ideologies of the young Turkish coalition. Despite its modernizing ideals, the newspaper was also a means of propaganda for the monarchy and the country's pan-Islamic factions. She distanced herself from the affairs of the British Empire and the Russian Revolution and published tracts from Turkish newspapers that mocked the enemies of the Ottoman Empire.

Afghanistan: 1911-1919

In 1911 the British Empire controlled Afghanistan's foreign policy. Just a few decades ago, the second Anglo-Afghan War had led to the defeat of the Afghan armed forces under Emir Sher Ali Khan against British India . Afghanistan was allowed to retain its sovereignty at the expense of handing over its foreign policy to the British Empire. Afghanistan also lost areas south and north of the country with the establishment of the Durand Line , which formed the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan . When Habibullah Khan became Emir of Afghanistan in 1901, British influence manifested itself in the construction of a military academy and the establishment of a new school.

Habibullah, who wanted to modernize Afghanistan, initiated progressive reforms. This is how Western medicine and technological advances like the Telegram were introduced in Afghanistan. Siraj al-Akhbar promoted these reforms in Afghanistan and continued to inspire the country with the desire for independence. However, it was disbanded before Afghanistan gained independence in 1919.

Publication overview

Siraj al-Akhbar extracted most of his news from foreign newspapers. It was originally intended to provide news about Emir Habibullah, but when World War I broke out, Siraj al-Akhbar began to express hostility towards Afghanistan's neutrality in foreign policy. News from Turkey was frequently reprinted in Siraj al-Akhbar, and pro-Turkish sentiments developed among the young Afghan coalition. The newspaper's constant drive for independence and its anti-British views eventually led to the newspaper's dissolution.

Format and style

Siraj al-Akhbar used a large format (33 × 24 cm) with up to 14 pages of content when it was first published. The language was mostly Persian with some articles in Arabic and Turkish . Foreign messages were usually translated into the local language before they were printed. Siraj al-Akhbar was also a point of contact for poets and short story writers in Afghanistan.

A section was devoted to subscribers who wanted to write the newspaper in praise of the emir, while another section printed scientific articles promoting industrialization and modernization.

reception

Siraj al-Akhbar is believed to be responsible for the renewal of the Persian language in Afghanistan. New forms of poetry were introduced through the presentation the magazine made available to poets. The Afghans had to familiarize themselves with the academic language of the magazine, which was largely unknown to a mostly uneducated population. The magazine is also responsible for the introduction of French literature that has been translated from Turkish into Persian. Because of this publication of Western ideals, conservative camps in the country demanded the dissolution of the newspaper and the exile of Tarzi and his followers.

Individual evidence

This article or section needs revision: The references "N. Kawyani: [www.socialhistory.org/ Seraj-al-Akhbar.] In: International Institute of Social History. Retrieved November 12, 2014." If the hyperlink should be set correctly, it cannot be reconstructed for the setter of the revision module. In addition, these references can be summarized, the page numbers are missing in the book references.
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  1. ↑ a b c d e f g May Schinasi: SERĀJ AL-AḴBĀR-E AFḠĀNIYA. In: Encyclopædia Iranica . Retrieved November 12, 2014 .
  2. ↑ N. Kawyani: Seraj-al-Akhbar. In: International Institute of Social History. Retrieved November 12, 2014 .
  3. ^ Vartan Gregorian: The Emergence of Modern Afghanistan: Politics of Reform and Modernization . Stanford University Press, 1969.
  4. ↑ N. Kawyani: Seraj-al-Akhbar. In: International Institute of Social History. Retrieved November 12, 2014 .
  5. ↑ N. Kawyani: Seraj-al-Akhbar. In: International Institute of Social History. Retrieved November 12, 2014 .
  6. ↑ N. Kawyani: Seraj-al-Akhbar. In: International Institute of Social History. Retrieved November 12, 2014 .
  7. ^ Vartan Gregorian: The Emergence of Modern Afghanistan: Politics of Reform and Modernization . Stanford University Press, 1969.
  8. ^ Vartan Gregorian: The Emergence of Modern Afghanistan: Politics of Reform and Modernization . Stanford University Press, 1969.
  9. ↑ Stephen Tanner: Afghanistan: A Military History of Afghanistan from Alexander the Great to the Fall of the Taliban . Da Capo Press, New York, pp. 109-129 .
  10. ↑ N. Kawyani: Seraj-al-Akhbar. In: International Institute of Social History. Retrieved November 12, 2014 .
  11. ↑ N. Kawyani: Seraj-al-Akhbar. In: International Institute of Social History. Retrieved November 12, 2014 .

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