Abdur Rahman Khan
Abdur Rahman Khan ( Pashto and Persian عبدالرحمنخان, DMG ʿAbdu-r-Raḥmān-Ḫān ; * 1844 in Kabul ; † October 1, 1901 ibid) was emir of Afghanistan from 1880 to October 1, 1901 .
Abdur Rahman Khan was the third son of Mohammed Afzal Khan , the Afghan emir from 1866 to 1874. After the defeat of Mohammed Ayub Khan in the "Battle of Kandahar" on September 1, 1880, Abdur Rahman Khan was accepted by the British as his successor . This ended the Second Anglo-Afghan War . He had to hand over control of Afghan foreign policy to the British , for which Abdur Rahman Khan received annual financial support.
Great Britain and Russia agreed in 1893 on the line between Afghanistan and British India (now Pakistan ), the so-called Durand Line . British diplomat Mortimer Durand was the British negotiator in Kabul .
Within the created borders of the country, Abdur Rahman, who bore the title of "Iron Emir", succeeded with his tightly organized army to restrict the power of the tribal chiefs and to expand the rule over various ethnic groups in the interior. He left a country with an organized central government. He was so successful that his son and designated successor could take power after his death without the usual battles for the succession to the throne.
He took land from the indigenous people of large parts of Afghanistan and committed serious war crimes against them. Among other things, he is responsible for a genocide against the Hazara .
But he also carried out important reforms. This included the establishment of a central state authority. Some Afghans refer to him as "Bismarck of Afghanistan".
His son Habibullah Khan continued these reforms.
literature
- Jules Stewart: On Afghanistan's Plains. The Story of Britain's Afghan Wars . IB Tauris, London / New York 2011, ISBN 978-1-8488-5717-9 .
Individual evidence
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Abdur Rahman Khan |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | عبدالرحمنخان (Pashto and Persian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Emir of Afghanistan |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1844 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Kabul |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 1, 1901 |
| Place of death | Kabul |