Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania ( Polish : Socjaldemokracja Królestwa Polskiego i Litwy , SDKPiL) until 1900 only Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland ( Socjaldemokracja Królestwa Polskiego , SDKP) was 1893-1918, a socialist party in time for the Russian Empire belonging part of Poland ( Weichselland ). It differed from the Polish Socialist Party , which existed at the same time, in its consistently internationalist orientation.

The SDKP was founded in 1893 by Rosa Luxemburg , Leo Jogiches and Julian Marchlewski . In contrast to the PPS, which fought for socialism in an independent nation-state Poland, the founders of the SDKP were convinced that the pursuit of national independence was futile as long as the revolution did not break out in neighboring countries that dominated Poland, especially Russia proper. The existence of nation states was not necessary or desirable for the SDKP. Therefore, she worked closely with the Russian socialists. The PPS and SDKP competed for supremacy within the Polish labor movement. Both belonged to the Second International . In keeping with its deliberately non-Polish national orientation, it also tried to integrate Jewish workers. Thus it was in competition for their support with the all-Jewish General Jewish Workers' Union of Lithuania, Poland and Russia ("Bund") founded in 1897 . Just like the establishment of a purely Polish nation-state, the SDKP rejected the Zionist idea of ​​the emigration of Jews to Palestine. But since the federal government was also not oriented towards Zionism, the relationship between the two parties remained relatively relaxed. German-speaking and socialists of origin in Russian Poland also mostly joined the SDKP because they could not identify with the Polish-national orientation of the PPS. In 1898 the tsarist secret police largely destroyed the SDKP. This then tried to rebuild, whereby it was mainly active in Vilnius and Białystok and accordingly changed its name in 1900 to Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL).

The SDKPiL wanted to join the all-Russian Marxist Social Democratic Workers' Party of Russia (SDAPR) from 1903 , but set far-reaching conditions for this. It claimed exclusive representation of the labor movement in the territory of the Kingdom of Poland (with the exception of the Bund, which it accepted as a fraternal organization). Other Polish organizations should only be able to participate in the SDLP through the SDKPiL. In doing so, she wanted to prevent the PPS from participating. It did not join until 1906 (after the outbreak of the Russian Revolution in 1905 ). During the revolution, the SDKPiL organized strikes and rallies. The Polish part of the empire became a main stage of revolutionary events. After the failure of the revolution and the increasingly fierce factional struggles between the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks , the SDKPiL left the SDAPR again in 1911. Luxemburg and Jogiches increasingly withdrew from party work. The left wing of the PPS (PPS-Lewica) , split in 1906, moved closer to the SDKPiL and finally merged with it after the end of the war in 1918 to form the Communist Workers' Party of Poland (KPRP).

The later founder of the Soviet secret police Cheka , Feliks Dzierżyński , began his political activities in 1903 with the SDKPiL and was one of its leading activists in the following years.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania. ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sztetl.org.pl archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In Anka Grupińska: Record of the Jewish World in Poland. Virtual Shtetl, www.sztetl.org.pl. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  2. ^ Holger Politt: Rosa Luxemburg and the General Jewish Workers' Union of Lithuania, Poland and Russia. (PDF; 131 kB) Rosa Luxemburg Foundation, 2013, pp. 1–2.
  3. ^ Włodzimierz Borodziej: History of Poland in the 20th century. CH Beck, Munich 2010, p. 56.
  4. ↑ Politt: Rosa Luxemburg and the General Jewish Workers' Union. 2013, p. 1.
  5. ↑ Politt: Rosa Luxemburg and the General Jewish Workers' Union. 2013, p. 2.
  6. ↑ Borodziej: History of Poland in the 20th Century. 2010, p. 69.
  7. ↑ Politt: Rosa Luxemburg and the General Jewish Workers' Union. 2013, p. 3.