Social closure
Social closure is a basic sociological term that generally describes that the ability to join a social group is restricted or prohibited. This also excludes the possibility of participating in a group's trading or employment opportunities.
The theory of social closure is based on Max Weber's concept of open and closed social relationships . Weber defines social closings as traditional (e.g. family ties), affective (e.g. lovers), value-rational (e.g. religious community) and purposeful (e.g. economic monopolies ). In addition to these closures to the outside, Weber also discusses closures to the inside, whereby it is about restrictions on the opportunities for action or employment for individuals or groups within associations , companies , castes , etc. Social closure always means that the monopoly of opportunities leads to a higher level of resources in one group and to a shortage of resources in other groups, which creates social inequality .
literature
- Jürgen Mackert : The theory of social closure. The analytical potential of a medium-range theory. In: ders. (Ed.): The theory of social closure. Tradition, Analyzes, Perspektiven, Wiesbaden: VS-Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, pp. 9–24. 2004.
- Raymond Murphy: Social Closure: The Theory of Monopolization and Exclusion. Clarendon Press. 1996.
- Frank Parkin: Max Weber, Taylor & Francis Ltd. Revised edition. 2002.
- Frank Parkin: Strategies of social closure and class formation. In: R. Kreckel (Ed.): Social inequalities. Social world, special volume 2. Göttingen. 1993.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Werner Fuchs-Heinritz , closure, social . In: ders. (Ed.): Lexikon zur Soziologie , 5th edition, Springer, Wiesbaden 2011, p. 598.
- ^ Jörg Rössel: Social structure analysis. A compact introduction . Jumper. Wiesbaden 2009, p. 70.