Socialist achievement principle
The basic principle of economic and social life in socialism as the last step before the final stage of the “communist society” was described as the socialist achievement principle in the states of real-existing socialism .
Achievement principle in real socialism
Based on the Stakhanov movement that began in 1935 , the performance principle was enshrined in the Soviet constitution of 1936 (“ Stalin Constitution ”):
- Article 12. In the USSR, work is an obligation and a matter of honor for every citizen who is able to work, according to the principle: "Whoever does not work should not eat".
- In the USSR the principle of socialism applies: "Everyone according to his abilities , everyone according to his achievement "
According to this principle, work is to be organized socially in such a way that all members of society must participate in the work according to their abilities and receive their share of the individually consumable part of the social product according to their performance.
With the socialist achievement principle, the inseparable connection between the right to work and the duty of every citizen to work is to be realized in socialism. What the individual does for society determines the degree of recognition of his work by society.
Karl Marx's Understanding of Work and Achievement in Communism
The starting point of the service for society as a principle of distribution in real-life socialism differs significantly from Karl Marx 's principle of communism : "Everyone according to his capabilities, everyone according to his needs !"
In Marx, this principle does not refer to the preliminary stages of the development towards communism, in which a dictatorship of the proletariat rules and the communist society is being prepared, but to the “utopian” idea of the ultimate goal of historical development, which is shaped by the antagonism of the People, the division of labor, the oppression and thus the alienation of people from themselves, from nature and from the work process has been abolished.
“In a higher phase of communist society, after the enslaved subordination of individuals to the division of labor, so that the opposition between mental and physical labor has also disappeared; after work has become not only a means to life but itself the first necessity of life; After the all-round development of the individuals, their productive forces have grown and all the springs of the cooperative wealth flow more fully - only then can the narrow bourgeois legal horizon be completely exceeded and society can write on its banner: everyone according to his abilities, everyone according to his needs! "
According to the historical development of the term, the term “need” means “need” rather than “wish” or “desire” according to today's understanding and means that which one needs to live or to exercise one's abilities at work. The context clarifies that the ideal form of life consists in satisfying the basic human need for “work”, which in its unadulterated form is productive activity in free cooperation for the happiness of all, where work and enjoyment are no longer separated, but productive Activity has a meaning in itself. “Achievement” is therefore no longer in the form of an activity to be performed for others in overcoming one's own volition, but only as the “self-realization” of one's own productive forces. In this context, need does not mean the experience of a subjective lack or the fulfillment of an individual desire or wish, but merely that what is necessary for the fulfillment of human life is generated by all for all. The work result and the “need” are also related to the skills: a writer needs something different for his form of productive activity than the doctor. So it is not about the idea of a land of milk and honey, but about an ideal of productive activity as a way of life that creates its living conditions without exploiting others and thus fully corresponds to human nature in Marx's view.
literature
- Dictionary of economics, socialism , Dietz-Verlag Berlin, 6th edition 1989, ISBN 3-320-01267-3
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wolfgang Fritz Haug (Ed.): Critical Dictionary of Marxism . Volume 7, 1988, p. 1255 Archived copy ( Memento of the original from September 29, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ First chapter "Social Structure of the USSR" Archived copy ( Memento of the original from June 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Karl Marx: Critique of the Gotha Program , MEW 19, 21.
- ↑ Hans-Christoph Schmidt am Busch: Hegel's concept of work. Walter de Gruyter, 2002, ISBN 978-3-050-04765-2 ( limited preview in Google book search).
