Late summer dice thick-headed butterfly

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Late summer dice thick-headed butterfly
Late summer cube thick-headed butterfly (Pyrgus cirsii)

Late summer cube thick-headed butterfly ( Pyrgus cirsii )

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Thick-headed butterfly (Hesperiidae)
Subfamily : Pyrginae
Genre : Pyrgus
Type : Late summer dice thick-headed butterfly
Scientific name
Pyrgus cirsii
( Rambur , 1839)

The late summer cube thick-headed butterfly ( Pyrgus cirsii ) is a butterfly from the family of the thick-headed butterfly (Hesperiidae).

features

The fore wing length of the moth is 13 to 14 millimeters. There are white spots on the forewings, including a wide rectangular spot in the cell . Yellow spots can be seen on the hind wings. The spots at the base of cells four and five and in the submarginal region are particularly clear. The underside of the hind wings is yellowish olive to reddish brown. The edge spot on vein five is brownish and indistinct. The veins are yellowish. Both sexes have the same wing drawings.

The eggs are reddish at first and rounded, slightly flattened above and below. They later turn yellowish with the developed egg caterpillar. The surface is covered with about 15 strong, mostly straight or occasionally slightly curved longitudinal ribs emanating from the micropyle. On the side, shorter longitudinal ribs can intervene.

The caterpillar is initially greenish with a black head. In the last stage it turns reddish brown.

The pupa is frosted with intense blue. The brown basic color can only be seen at the segment boundaries. The black dot pattern still shines through the tires, but is greatly weakened.

Geographical occurrence and habitat

The late summer cube thick-headed butterfly is common in Western Europe and isolated in Turkey . The species is more common only on the Iberian Peninsula and in southern France (Provence). The species is almost extinct in central France and southern Germany. The deposits in Vorarlberg (Austria) and Switzerland seem to have been extinct. The species needs dry, warm spots with extensive limestone grasslands with very low vegetation. For larval development, the late summer cube thick-headed butterfly only needs areas overgrown with mosses and lichens or bare rock where the host plants (various cinquefoil species ( potentilla )) grow. In southern Germany the species occurs from about 100 to about 700 meters above sea level.

Way of life

The development is univoltin , ie only one generation is formed per year. The moths fly from late July to early September. In southern Germany, the butterfly records are almost exclusively limited to August and the first days of September. The eggs are deposited individually on the underside of the leaves of the host plant and also on mosses and lichens in the immediate vicinity of the host plant. The egg caterpillar, which is already fully developed and ready to hatch, overwinters. It leaves the egg shell at the end of February or the beginning of March. It develops relatively slowly and has six stages of development (five moults). It only eats cinquefoil species ( Potentilla ), e.g. B. Creeping cinquefoil ( Potentilla reptans ). In July, the adult caterpillar rests in its housing for two to four weeks before it leaves it and creates a new housing for pupation.

Systematics

The late summer cube thick-headed butterfly ( Pyrgus cirsii ) was also previously considered a subspecies of Pyrgus carlinae . In the more recent literature, however, it is interpreted as a separate species.

Danger

The late summer cube thick-headed butterfly is considered to be acutely threatened with extinction in Germany. The reasons are primarily to be found in the loss of habitat due to intensive agriculture, a decline in migratory sheep farming, bush cover and overbuilding.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b also Ramburs Dickkopffalter, cinquefoil Dickkopffalter, Late Summer Dickkopf (falter), Late Summer Cube Dickkopffalter and Late Summer Cube Dickkopffalter Red Lists
  2. ^ Lionel G. Higgins, Norman D. Riley: The butterflies of Europe and Northwest Africa . 1st edition. Paul Parey, Hamburg / Berlin 1978, ISBN 3-490-01918-0 , pp. 280-281 .
  3. ^ A b Wolfgang Wagner: The genus Pyrgus in Central Europe and its ecology - larval habitats, nutrient plants and development cycles . - In: T. Fartmann & G. Hermann (Eds.): Larval ecology of butterflies and rams in Central Europe. Treatises from the Westphalian Museum of Natural History, 68 (3/4): 88–91, Münster 2006.
  4. ↑ Butterfly. 2. Special part: Satyridae, Libytheidae, Lycaenidae, Hesperiidae . In: Günter Ebert, Erwin Rennwald (eds.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition. tape 2 . Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1991, ISBN 3-8001-3459-4 , pp. 500-503 .

literature

  • Lionel G. Higgins, Norman D. Riley: The butterflies of Europe and Northwest Africa . 1st edition. Paul Parey, Hamburg / Berlin 1978, ISBN 3-490-01918-0 .
  • Wolfgang Wagner: The genus Pyrgus in Central Europe and its ecology - larval habitats, nutrient plants and development cycles . - In: T. Fartmann & G. Hermann (Eds.): Larval ecology of butterflies and rams in Central Europe. Treatises from the Westphalian Museum of Natural History, 68 (3/4): 83–122, Münster 2006.
  • Butterflies. 2. Special part: Satyridae, Libytheidae, Lycaenidae, Hesperiidae . In: Günter Ebert, Erwin Rennwald (eds.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition. tape 2 . Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1991, ISBN 3-8001-3459-4 .
  • Tom Tolman, Richard Lewington: The butterflies of Europe and Northwest Africa . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-440-07573-7 .
  • Hans-Josef Weidemann: Butterfly Volume 2 Biology-Ecology-Biotope Protection. 372 S., Neumann, Neudamm 1988 ISBN 3-7888-0509-9
  • Ottokar Kudrna (Ed.): The Distribution Atlas of European Butterflies . 1st edition. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2002, ISBN 87-88757-56-0 (English).

Web links

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