Dishwashing liquid
Dishwashing detergents (GSM for short), in Switzerland dishwashing detergents , are detergents for washing dishes .
Hand dishwashing detergent
Hand dishwashing detergents have been available since 1958. They are liquid products that are adjusted to an almost neutral or slightly acidic pH value with citric acid because of skin contact . The main components are surfactants (10 to 25%, in concentrates 25 to 40%), the task of which is to remove food residues from the dishes, so that a dispersion or emulsion is created. Both anionic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants are used here. Alcohols are added as solvents. In addition, they often contain moisturizers to restore the lipid film of the skin barrier. Protein hydrolysates or aloe vera can be included for additional skin care . Since the products have a high proportion of water, salts of benzoic and salicylic acid are added as antibacterial agents.
Machine dishwashing detergent
The first machine dishwashing detergent was Calgonit , which was developed in the company of Johann Adam Benckiser in 1929 and was initially only used for commercial customers for bottle washing.
Machine dishwashing detergents are available in both liquid and powder or tablet form. Powdered cleaners contain, among other things, silicates , soda and surfactants (for further ingredients see there ). Rinse aids act as a drying aid after the cleaning process. In addition, the softening systems built into dishwashers require regeneration salt .