Toy maker
Toy maker is the outdated term for toy maker . Today the profession is trained separately for toy manufacturers and wooden toy makers. Further training qualifies you to become a master wooden toy maker .
The first toy makers were craftsmen who either exclusively or incidentally made objects for the entertainment and employment of children. They mostly came from a wide variety of professions such as wood turner , stoner, carpenter, plumber, yellow and gunsmith , locksmith and even gold and silversmith.
history
The strongholds of wooden toy manufacturing were Thuringia, Oberammergau, Berchtesgadener Land, Saxon Ore Mountains and Val Gardena. The toys were bought in these areas by dealers, so-called publishers, peddlers and humpbacks and often sold as far as Lisbon, Moscow, and even as far as the Orient and overseas. These were: pinwheels, nutcrackers , rattles , horses with and without riders, carts, carriages, sleds, ships, chirping birds, jumping jacks , figures from popular life, wooden dolls and dollhouse furniture, etc.
Toys made of paper and cardboard by the Augsburg engraver are known from the 15th century , such as templates for cutting out.
In the 17th and 18th centuries, however, strict guild regulations repeatedly hampered the inventiveness of these craftsmen. Woodturners were not allowed to paint their wooden toys themselves, but had to leave this to the bismuth painters. Hafnern was not allowed to build the cupboards for her dolls' dishes.
Wooden toys
The Noah's Ark was one of the most popular toys, which in almost all German toy centers in homework was made. In 1793 Hieronymus Bestelmeier's "Spielwaren-Magazin" offered a large and a small edition; the small edition already contained a hundred animals and figures. The wooden hobby horse was even more popular, often with a real horsehair mane; it is presented in the French book Le Propriétaire des Choses in 1482 . The rocking horse on wheels and runners was added later. Toys and dolls, especially those with paper mache heads , were made in Sonneberg in the Meininger Oberland. A doll's house or room belonged to the doll , which reflected the bourgeois quality. The city in the chip box was made of wood.
Tin figures and tin toys
The pewter figures after 1760 were in competition with the painted wooden toys. Pewter figures made cheaply by the Nuremberg jug and pewter caster Andreas Hilpertrecht were in the shape of animals and people that were reproduced: shepherds' still lifes, gypsy camps, rococo scenes or war scenes, the tin soldier quickly sold throughout Germany and Switzerland.
As more and more tin toys were being produced and the restrictions under guild law were no longer applicable, industrial production was favored. So there was now game shops, rattles, spinning top , chain carousels, cars and model trains , dolls house facilities and RANGES to buy in the toy biz. The metal construction kit “Mechanics Made Easy” (later “ Meccano ”), invented by Frank Hornby in 1901, became a popular toy. The best-known copycat was "Stabil" from Walther & Co. in Berlin. The legendary construction kit “No. 5 ”from Märklin brought manufacturers high sales even during the economic crisis before the Second World War.
literature
- Rudi Palla: The lexicon of the lost professions . Eichborn, Frankfurt am Main 1994, ISBN 3-8289-4152-4 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ BERUFENET - find job information easily. Retrieved on July 16, 2018 (German).
- ↑ BERUFENET - find job information easily. Retrieved on July 16, 2018 (German).
- ↑ BERUFENET - find job information easily. Retrieved on July 16, 2018 (German).