Spinal irritation

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According to Dornblüth, spinal irritation is an outdated earlier term for a symptom of neurasthenia related to hyperemia of the spinal cord , in particular with back pain, low back pain, restlessness in the legs and spinal neuralgia. According to other medical terminology sources, spinal irritation is defined as a functional spinal cord disease or as a spinal form of neurasthenia. There would be subjective complaints of apparently spinal origin such as rachialgia (= pain in the spine), weakness and fatigue when walking, paresthesia , bladder and sexual disorders. The name goes back to the Kassler anatomist and surgeon Benedict Stilling (1810–1879), who first used it in 1840.

Wilhelm Griesinger

Wilhelm Griesinger (1817–1868) developed a theory of the origin of mental illnesses and minor psychological disorders ( Kleine Psychiatrie ), which he derived from spinal irritation as a type of neuralgia in the supply area of ​​the sensitive nerves of the spinal cord. In analogy to spinal irritation, he called mental illnesses “cerebral irritation”. The model conception of the reflex arc was transferred via the switching point of the spinal cord to a similarly designed control by the brain. This analogy is based on the idea of ​​a " psychological reflex arc ", as this term was later introduced into psychiatric terminology by Karl Jaspers (1883–1969). This means that the qualities perceived by the receptive parts of the nervous system - the sensitive nerves of the spinal cord, such as pain and cold or sensory sensations in the brain triggered by the sensory nerves - have a specific psychological counterpart at the level of the brain. Both organ sections - brain and spinal cord - have the same structural characteristics and neurophysiological qualities due to the basically segmental structure. The sensory qualities of the brain correspond to functionally the sensitive spinal cord. The sensation of cold in the area of ​​the spinal cord corresponds to "mental coldness", the sensation of pain corresponds to "psychological pain" (see feeling ). Griesinger saw the mind as more of the receptive center of the brain . With the paradigm of spinal irritation, Griesinger continues the tradition of neurophysiological educational psychiatry of the 18th century, which is associated with the names Whytt , Haller and Unzer . Griesinger's fundamental view of psychological conditions, shaped by neurophysiology, was not always willingly accepted under the charge of somatism or materialism , but it is more and more shared today and has therefore lost none of its topicality. For example, fear as the basis of all mental illnesses, even according to today's view, is related to parallel reactions of pain perception and with its biologically anchored role in triggering alertness as well as with its possibly instinctive components ( shift theory ).

Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) saw spinal irritation as a characteristic symptom of neurasthenia .

literature

  • Thomas Inman: The phenomena of Spinal Irritation and Other Functional Diseases . John Churchill, London 1858, Textarchiv - Internet Archive For the biography of Thomas Inman see also web links .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Otto Dornblüth : Clinical Dictionary . (13th / 14th edition) (1927)
  2. ^ Herbert Volkmann (ed.): Guttmanns medical terminology . Derivation and explanation of the most common technical terms of all branches of medicine and their auxiliary sciences. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin 1939
  3. ↑ Benedict Stilling : Physiological-pathological and medical-practical studies on spinal irritation . Leipzig 1840
  4. ↑ a b c Klaus Dörner : Citizens and Irre. On the social history and sociology of science in psychiatry . (1969) Fischer Taschenbuch, Bücher des Wissens, Frankfurt / M. 1975, ISBN 3-436-02101-6 ; (a) on the headings “Spinal irritation and cerebral irritation”: p. 324 f .; (b) Re. “Gemüt”: p. 322; (c) to district “Enlightenment psychiatry”: p. 322
  5. ↑ Stavros Mentzos : Neurotic Conflict Processing. Introduction to the psychoanalytic theory of neuroses, taking into account more recent perspectives . © 1982 Kindler, Fischer-Taschenbuch, Frankfurt 1992, ISBN 3-596-42239-6 ; P. 30
  6. ↑ Konrad Lorenz , P. Leyhausen: drives animal and human behavior . Piper, Munich 1968
  7. ^ Sigmund Freud : Studies on Hysteria. Early writings on the theory of neuroses . In: Collected Works , Volume I. 3rd edition. S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt / M. 1953, ISBN 3-10-022703-4 , p. 315